• Who Really Runs the World? Conspiracies, Hidden Agendas & the Plan for World Government
    May 22, 2013

    Andrew Gavin Marshall, New Dawn
    Waking Times

    So, who runs the world? It’s a question that people have struggled with since people began to struggle. It’s certainly a question with many interpretations, and incites answers of many varied perspectives.

    Often, it is relegated to the realm of “conspiracy theory,” in that, those who discuss this question or propose answers to it, are purveyors of a conspiratorial view of the world. However, it is my intention to discard the labels, which seek to disprove a position without actually proving anything to the contrary. One of these labels – “conspiracy theorist” – does just that: it’s very application to a particular perspective or viewpoint has the intention of “disproving without proof;” all that is needed is to simply apply the label.

    What I intend to do is analyse the social structure of the transnational ruling class, the international elite, who together run the world. This is not a conspiratorial opinion piece, but is an examination of the socially constructed elite class of people; what is the nature of power, how does it get used, and who holds it?

    A Historical Understanding of Power

    In answering the question “Who Runs the World?” we must understand what positions within society hold the most power, and thus, the answer becomes clear. If we simply understand this as heads of state, the answer will be flawed and inaccurate. We must examine the globe as a whole, and the power structures of the global political economy.



    The greatest position of power within the global capitalist system lies in the authority of money-creation: the central banking system. The central banking system, originating in 1694 in England, consists of an international network of central banks that are privately owned by wealthy shareholders and are granted governmental authority to print and issue a nation’s currency, and set interest rates, collecting revenue and making profit through the interest charged. Central banks give loans to both governments and industries, controlling both simultaneously. The ultimate centre of power in the central banking system is at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), in Basle, Switzerland; which is the central bank to the world’s central banks, and is also a private bank owned by the world’s central banks.
    As Georgetown University history professor Carroll Quigley wrote:

    [T]he powers of financial capitalism had another far-reaching aim, nothing less than to create a world system of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the world as a whole. This system was to be controlled in a feudalist fashion by the central banks of the world acting in concert, by secret agreements arrived at in frequent private meetings and conferences. The apex of the system was to be the Bank for International Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the world’s central banks which were themselves private corporations.1

    The central banks, and thus the central banking system as a whole, is a privately owned system in which the major shareholders are powerful international banking houses. These international banking houses emerged in tandem with the evolution of the central banking system. The central banking system first emerged in London, and expanded across Europe with time. With that expansion, the European banking houses also rose and expanded across the continent.

    The French Revolution resulted with Napoleon coming to power, who granted the French bankers a central bank of France, which they privately controlled.2 It was also out of the French Revolution that one of the major banking houses of the world emerged, the Rothschilds. Emerging out of a European Jewish ghetto, the Rothschilds quickly rose to the forefront in banking, and established banking houses in London, Paris, Frankfurt, Vienna and Naples, allowing them to profit off of all sides in the Napoleonic wars.3

    As Carroll Quigley wrote in his monumental Tragedy and Hope, “The merchant bankers of London had already at hand in 1810-1850 the Stock Exchange, the Bank of England, and the London money market,” and that:

    In time they brought into their financial network the provincial banking centres, organised as commercial banks and savings banks, as well as insurance companies, to form all of these into a single financial system on an international scale which manipulated the quantity and flow of money so that they were able to influence, if not control, governments on one side and industries on the other.4

    At the same time, in the United States, we saw the emergence of a powerful group of bankers and industrialists, such as the Morgans, Astors, Vanderbilts, Rockefellers, and Carnegies, and they created massive industrial monopolies and oligopolies throughout the 19th century.5 These banking interests were very close to and allied with the powerful European banking houses.

    The European, and particularly the British elites of the time, were beginning to organise their power in an effort to properly exert their influence internationally. At this time, European empires were engaging in the Scramble for Africa, in which nearly the entire continent of Africa, save Ethiopia, was colonised and carved up by European nations. One notable imperialist was Cecil Rhodes who made his fortune from diamond and gold mining in Africa with financial support from the Rothschilds,6 and “at that time [had] the biggest concentration of financial capital in the world.”7

    Cecil Rhodes was also known for his radical views regarding America, particularly in that he would “talk with total seriousness of ‘the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British Empire’.”8 Rhodes saw himself not simply as a moneymaker, but primarily as an “empire builder.”

    As Carroll Quigley explained, in 1891 three British elites met with the intent to create a secret society. The three men were Cecil Rhodes, William T. Stead, a prominent journalist of the day, and Reginald Baliol Brett, a “friend and confidant of Queen Victoria, and later to be the most influential adviser of King Edward VII and King George V.” Within this secret society, “real power was to be exercised by the leader, and a ‘Junta of Three.’ The leader was to be Rhodes, and the Junta was to be Stead, Brett, and Alfred Milner.”9

    The purpose of this secret society, which was later headed by Alfred Milner, was: “The extension of British rule throughout the world, the perfecting of a system of emigration from the United Kingdom and of colonisation by British subjects of all lands wherein the means of livelihood are attainable by energy, labour, and enterprise… [with] the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of a British Empire.” [Emphasis added]10 Essentially, it outlined a British-led cosmopolitical world order, one global system of governance under British hegemony. Among key players within this group were the Rothschilds and other banking interests.11

    After the 1907 banking panic in the US, instigated by JP Morgan, pressure was placed upon the American political establishment to create a “stable” banking system. In 1910, a secret meeting of financiers was held on Jekyll Island, where they planned for the “creation of a National Reserve Association with fifteen major regions, controlled by a board of commercial bankers but empowered by the federal government to act like a central bank – creating money and lending reserves to private banks.”12

    It was largely Paul M. Warburg, a Wall Street investment banker, who “had come up with a design for a single central bank [in 1910]. He called it the United Reserve Bank. From this and his later service on the first Federal Reserve Board, Warburg has, with some justice, been called the father of the System.”13President Woodrow Wilson followed the plan almost exactly as outlined by the Wall Street financiers, and added to it the creation of a Federal Reserve Board in Washington, which the President would appoint.14

    Thus, true power in the world order was held by international banking houses, which privately owned the global central banking system, allowing them to control the credit of nations, and finance and control governments and industry.

    However, though the economic system was firmly in their control, allowing them to establish influence over finance, they needed to shape elite ideology accordingly. In effect, what was required was to socially construct a ruling class, internationally, which would serve their interests. To do this, these bankers set out to undertake a project of establishing think tanks to organise elites from politics, economics, academia, media, and the military into a generally cohesive and controllable ideology.

    Constructing a Ruling Class: Rise of the Think Tanks

    During World War I, a group of American scholars were tasked with briefing “Woodrow Wilson about options for the postwar world once the Kaiser and imperial Germany fell to defeat.” This group was called, “The Inquiry.” The group advised Wilson mostly through his trusted aide, Col. Edward M. House, who was Wilson’s “unofficial envoy to Europe during the period between the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and the intervention by the United States in 1917,” and was the prime driving force in the Wilson administration behind the establishment of the Federal Reserve System.15

    “The Inquiry” laid the foundations for the creation of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), the most powerful think tank in the US and, “The scholars of the Inquiry helped draw the borders of post World War I central Europe.” On May 30, 1919, a group of scholars and diplomats from Britain and the US met at the Hotel Majestic, where they “proposed a permanent Anglo-American Institute of International Affairs, with one branch in London, the other in New York.” When the scholars returned from Paris, they were met with open arms by New York lawyers and financiers, and together they formed the Council on Foreign Relations in 1921. The “British diplomats returning from Paris had made great headway in founding their Royal Institute of International Affairs.” The Anglo-American Institute envisioned in Paris, with two branches and combined membership was not feasible, so both the British and American branches retained national membership, however, they would cooperate closely with one another.16 They were referred to, and still are, as “Sister Institutes.”17

    The Milner Group, the secret society formed by Cecil Rhodes, “dominated the British delegation to the Peace Conference of 1919; it had a great deal to do with the formation and management of the League of Nations and of the system of mandates; it founded the Royal Institute of International Affairs in 1919 and still controls it.”18

    There were other groups founded in many countries representing the same interests of the secret Milner Group, and they came to be known as the Round Table Groups, preeminent among them were the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), the Council on Foreign Relations in the United States, and parallel groups were set up in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and India.19

    These were, in effect, the first international think tanks, which remain today, and are in their respective nations, among the top, if not the most prominent think tanks.

    In 2008, a major study was done by the University of Philadelphia’s International Relations Program – the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program – which sought to analyse and examine the most powerful and influential think tanks in the world. While it is a useful resource to understanding the influence of think tanks, there is a flaw in its analysis. It failed to take into account the international origins of the Round Table Group think tanks, particularly the Council on Foreign Relations in the United States; Chatham House or the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London; the Canadian Institute of International Affairs, now renamed the Canadian International Council; and their respective sister organisations in India, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. Further nations have since added to this group of related think tanks, including Germany, and a recently established European Council on Foreign Relations. The report, while putting focus on the international nature of think tanks, analysed these ones as separate institutions without being related or affiliated. This has, in effect, skewed the results of the study. However, it is still useful to examine.

    The top think tanks in the United States include the Council on Foreign Relations, (which was put at number 2, however, should be placed at the number 1 spot), the Brookings Institution, (which was inaccurately given the position of number one), the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, RAND Corporation, Heritage Foundation, Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and the American Enterprise Institute, among others.

    The top think tanks in the world, outside of the United States, are Chatham House (sitting at number one), the International Institute for Strategic Studies in the UK, the German Council on Foreign Relations, the French Institute of International Relations, the Adam Smith Institute in the UK, the Fraser Institute in Canada, the European Council on Foreign Relations, the International Crisis Group in Belgium, and the Canadian Institute of International Affairs.20

    In 1954, the Bilderberg Group was founded in the Netherlands. Every year since then the group holds a secretive meeting, drawing roughly 130 of the political-financial-military-academic-media elites from North America and Western Europe as “an informal network of influential people who could consult each other privately and confidentially.”21

    Regular participants include the CEOs or Chairmen of some of the largest corporations in the world, oil companies such as Royal Dutch Shell, British Petroleum, and Total SA, as well as various European monarchs, international bankers such as David Rockefeller, major politicians, presidents, prime ministers, and central bankers of the world.22 The Bilderberg Group acts as a “secretive global think-tank,” with an original intent “to link governments and economies in Europe and North America amid the Cold War.”23

    In 1970, David Rockefeller became Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, while also being Chairman and CEO of Chase Manhattan. In 1970, an academic who joined the Council on Foreign Relations in 1965 wrote a book called Between Two Ages: America’s Role in the Technetronic Era. The author, Zbigniew Brzezinski, called for the formation of “A Community of the Developed Nations,” consisting of Western Europe, the United States and Japan. Brzezinski wrote about how “the traditional sovereignty of nation states is becoming increasingly unglued as transnational forces such as multinational corporations, banks, and international organisations play a larger and larger role in shaping global politics.”

    So, in 1972, David Rockefeller and Brzezinski “presented the idea of a trilateral grouping at the annual Bilderberg meeting.” In July of 1972, seventeen powerful people met at David Rockefeller’s estate in New York to plan for the creation of another grouping. Also at the meeting was Brzezinski, McGeorge Bundy, the President of the Ford Foundation, (brother of William Bundy, editor of Foreign Affairs) and Bayless Manning, President of the Council on Foreign Relations.24 In 1973, these people formed the Trilateral Commission, which acted as a sister organisation to Bilderberg, linking the elites of Western Europe, North America, and Japan into a transnational ruling class.

    These think tanks have effectively socially constructed an ideologically cohesive ruling class in each nation and fostered the expansion of international ideological alignment among national elites, allowing for the development of a transnational ruling class sharing a dominant ideology.

    These same interests, controlled by the international banking houses, had to socially construct society itself. To do this, they created a massive network of tax-exempt foundations and non-profit organisations, which shaped civil society according to their designs. Among the most prominent of these are the Carnegie Corporation, the Ford Foundation, and the Rockefeller Foundation.

    The “Foundations” of Civil Society

    These foundations shaped civil society by financing research projects and initiatives into major social projects, creating both a dominant world-view for the elite classes, as well as managing the other classes.

    These foundations, since their establishment, played a large part in the funding and organising of the eugenics movement, which helped facilitate this racist, elitist ideology to having enormous growth and influence, ultimately culminating in the Nazi Holocaust. From then, the word “eugenics” had to be dropped from the ideology and philanthropy of elites, and was replaced with new forms of eugenics policies and concepts. Among them, genetics, population control and environmentalism.

    These foundations also funded seemingly progressive and alternative media sources in an effort to control the opposition, and manage the resistance to their world order, essentially making it ineffective and misguided.

    The Rockefeller Foundation was established in 1912, and immediately began giving money to eugenics research organisations.25 Eugenics was a pseudo-scientific and social science movement that emerged in the late 19th century, and gained significant traction in the first half of the 20th century. One of the founding ideologues of eugenics, Sir Francis Galton, an anthropologist and cousin to Charles Darwin, wrote that eugenics “is the study of all agencies under social control which can improve or impair the racial quality of future generations.”26 Ultimately, it was about the “sound” breeding of people and maintaining “purity” and “superiority” of the blood. It was an inherently racist ideology, which saw all non-white racial categories of people as inherently and naturally inferior, and sought to ground these racist theories in “science.”

    The vast wealth and fortunes of the major industrialists and bankers in the United States flowed heavily into the eugenics organisations, promoting and expanding this racist and elitist ideology. Money from the Harriman railroad fortune, with millions given by the Rockefeller and Carnegie family fortunes were subsequently “devoted to sterilisation of several hundred thousands of American ‘defectives’ annually, as a matter of eugenics.”27

    In the United States, 27 states passed eugenics based sterilisation laws of the “unfit,” which ultimately led to the sterilisation of over 60,000 people. Throughout the 1920s and 30s, the Carnegie and especially the Rockefeller Foundation, funded eugenics research in Germany, directly financing the Nazi scientists who perpetrated some of the greatest crimes of the Holocaust.28

    Following the Holocaust, the word “eugenics” was highly discredited. Thus, these elites who wanted to continue with the implementation of their racist and elitist ideology desperately needed a new name for it. In 1939, the Eugenics Records Office became known as the Genetics Record Office.29 However, tens of thousands of Americans continued to be sterilised throughout the 40s, 50s and 60s, the majority of which were women.30

    Edwin Black analysed how the pseudoscience of eugenics transformed into what we know as the science of genetics. In a 1943 edition of Eugenical News, an article titled “Eugenics After the War,” cited Charles Davenport, a major founder of eugenics, in his vision of “a new mankind of biological castes with master races in control and slave races serving them.”31

    A 1946 article in Eugenical News stated that, “Population, genetics, [and] psychology, are the three sciences to which the eugenicist must look for the factual material on which to build an acceptable philosophy of eugenics and to develop and defend practical eugenics proposals.” As Black explained, “the incremental effort to transform eugenics into human genetics forged an entire worldwide infrastructure,” with the founding of the Institute for Human Genetics in Copenhagen in 1938, led by Tage Kemp, a Rockefeller Foundation eugenicist, and was financed with money from the Rockefeller Foundation.32

    Today, much of civil society and major social projects are a product of these foundations, and align with various new forms of eugenics. The areas of population control and environmentalism are closely aligned and span a broad range of intellectual avenues. The major population control organisations emerged with funding from these various foundations, particularly the Rockefeller foundations and philanthropies.

    These organisations, such as the Rockefeller and Ford foundations, funded major civil society movements, such as the Civil Rights movement, in an effort to “create a wedge between social movement activists and their unpaid grassroots constituents, thereby facilitating professionalisation and institutionalisation within the movement,” ultimately facilitating a “narrowing and taming of the potential for broad dissent,” with an aim of limiting goals to “ameliorative rather than radical change.”33

    Two major organisations in the development of the environmental movement were the Conservation Foundation and Resources for the Future, which were founded and funded with money from the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, and helped “launch an explicitly pro-corporate approach to resource conservation.”34 Even the World Wildlife Fund was founded in the early 1960s by the former president of the British Eugenics Society, and its first President was Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, a founding member of the Bilderberg Group.

    While the environmental movement positions people as the major problem for the earth, relating humanity to a cancer, population control becomes a significant factor in proposing environmental solutions.

    In May of 2009, a secret meeting of billionaire philanthropists took place in which they sought to coordinate how to “address” the world’s environmental, social, and industrial threats. Each billionaire at the meeting was given 15 minutes to discuss their “preferred” cause, and then they deliberated to create an “umbrella” cause to harness all their interests. The end result was that the umbrella cause for which the billionaires would aim to “give to” was population control, which “would be tackled as a potentially disastrous environmental, social and industrial threat.” Among those present at the meeting were David Rockefeller, Jr., George Soros, Warren Buffet, Michael Bloomberg, Ted Turner, Bill Gates, and even Oprah Winfrey.35

    Conclusion

    At the top of the list of those who run the world, we have the major international banking houses, which control the global central banking system. From there, these dynastic banking families created an international network of think tanks, which socialised the ruling elites of each nation and the international community as a whole, into a cohesive transnational elite class. The foundations they established helped shape civil society both nationally and internationally, playing a major part in the funding – and thus coordinating and co-opting – of major social-political movements.

    An excellent example of one member of the top of the hierarchy of the global elite is David Rockefeller, patriarch of the Rockefeller family. Long serving as Chairman and CEO of Chase Manhattan bank, he revolutionised the notion of building a truly global bank. He was also Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, a founding member of Bilderberg and the Trilateral Commission, heavily involved in the family philanthropies, and sits atop a vast number of boards and foundations. Even Alan Greenspan, in a speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, said that David Rockefeller and the CFR have, “in many respects, formulated the foreign policy of this country.”36

    In another speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, then World Bank President James Wolfesohn, said in 2005, in honour of David Rockefeller’s 90th birthday, that, “the person who had perhaps the greatest influence on my life professionally in this country, and I’m very happy to say personally there afterwards, is David Rockefeller.” He then said, “In fact, it’s fair to say that there has been no other single family influence greater than the Rockefeller’s in the whole issue of globalisation and in the whole issue of addressing the questions which, in some ways, are still before us today. And for that David, we’re deeply grateful to you and for your own contribution in carrying these forward in the way that you did.”37

    David Rockefeller, himself, wrote, “For more than a century ideological extremists at either end of the political spectrum have seized upon well-publicised incidents such as my encounter with Castro to attack the Rockefeller family for the inordinate influence they claim we wield over American political and economic institutions. Some even believe we are part of a secret cabal working against the best interests of the United States, characterising my family and me as ‘internationalists’ and of conspiring with others around the world to build a more integrated global political and economic structure – one world, if you will. If that’s the charge, I stand guilty, and I am proud of it.”38



    About the Author

    ANDREW G. MARSHALL is a Research Associate with the Centre for Research on Globalization based out of Montreal, Canada (www.globalresearch.ca). He has written extensively on issues imperialism in the Middle East and Africa, the environment, Homeland Security, war, terrorism and the global economy. He is currently studying Global Political Economy and the History of the Middle East and Africa at Simon Fraser University (Canada).

    Footnotes:

    1. Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time, New York: Macmillan Company, 1966, 324

    2. Carroll Quigley, op.cit., 515; Robert Elgie and Helen Thompson, ed., The Politics of Central Banks, New York: Routledge, 1998, 97-98

    3. Sylvia Nasar, ‘Masters of the Universe’, The New York Times: January 23, 2000; ‘The Family That Bankrolled Europe’, BBC News: July 9, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/389053.stm

    4. Carroll Quigley, op.cit., 51

    5. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, Harper Perennial: New York, 2003, 323

    6. Carroll Quigley, op.cit., 130

    7. Niall Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power, New York: Basic Books, 2004, 186

    8. Ibid, 190

    9. Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment, GSG & Associates, 1981, 3

    10. Ibid, 33

    11. Ibid, 34

    12. William Greider, Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987, 276

    13. John Kenneth Galbraith, Money: Whence it Came, Where it Went, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975, 121-122

    14. William Greider, op.cit., 277

    15. H.W. Brands, ‘He Is My Independent Self’, The Washington Post: June 11, 2006:www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/08/AR2006060801104.html

    16. CFR, ‘Continuing the Inquiry. History of CFR’: www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/inquiry.html

    17. Chatham House, ‘CHATHAM HOUSE (The Royal Institute of International Affairs): Background’, Chatham House History: www.chathamhouse.org.uk/about/history/

    18. Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment, op.cit., 5

    19. Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, op.cit., 132-133

    20. James G. McGann, Ph.D., The Global “Go-To Think Tanks”: The Leading Public Policy Research Organizations In The World, The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program: University of Pennsylvania, International Relations Program, 2008, 26-28

    21. CBC, ‘Informal forum or global conspiracy?’, CBC News Online: June 13, 2006:www.cbc.ca/news/background/bilderberg-group/

    22. Holly Sklar, ed., Trilateralism: The Trilateral Commission and Elite Planning for World Management, South End Press: 1980, 161-171

    23. Glen McGregor, ‘Secretive power brokers meeting coming to Ottawa?’, Ottawa Citizen: May 24, 2006

    24. Holly Sklar, ed., op.cit., 76-78

    25. Edwin Black, War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race, New York: Thunders’s Mouth Press, 2004, 93

    26. Ibid, 18

    27. Ibid, 101-102

    28. Edwin Black, ‘Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection’, The San Francisco Chronicle: November 9, 2003

    29. Edwin Black, War Against the Weak, op.cit., 396

    30. Ibid, 398

    31. Ibid, 416

    32. Ibid, 418

    33. Michael Barker, The Liberal Foundations of Environmentalism: Revisiting the Rockefeller-Ford Connection, Capitalism Nature Socialism: 19, (2), June 2008, 18

    34. Ibid, 19-20

    35. John Harlow, ‘Billionaire club in bid to curb overpopulation’, Times Online: May 24, 2009

    36. CFR, Remarks at the Council on Foreign Relations Annual Corporate Conference, Transcripts: March 10, 2005:www.cfr.org/publication/7908/remarks_at_the_council_on_foreign_relations_annual_corporate_conference.html

    37. CFR, Council on Foreign Relations Special Symposium in honor of David Rockefeller’s 90th Birthday, Transcript: May 23, 2005:www.cfr.org/publication/8133/council_on_foreign_relations_special_symposium_in_honor_of_david_rockefellers_90th_birthday.html

    38. David Rockefeller, Memoirs, New York: Random House: 2002, 405

    The above article appeared in New Dawn No. 118 (Jan-Feb 2010).

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    Who Really Runs the World? Conspiracies, Hidden Agendas & the Plan for World Government May 22, 2013 Andrew Gavin Marshall, New Dawn Waking Times So, who runs the world? It’s a question that people have struggled with since people began to struggle. It’s certainly a question with many interpretations, and incites answers of many varied perspectives. Often, it is relegated to the realm of “conspiracy theory,” in that, those who discuss this question or propose answers to it, are purveyors of a conspiratorial view of the world. However, it is my intention to discard the labels, which seek to disprove a position without actually proving anything to the contrary. One of these labels – “conspiracy theorist” – does just that: it’s very application to a particular perspective or viewpoint has the intention of “disproving without proof;” all that is needed is to simply apply the label. What I intend to do is analyse the social structure of the transnational ruling class, the international elite, who together run the world. This is not a conspiratorial opinion piece, but is an examination of the socially constructed elite class of people; what is the nature of power, how does it get used, and who holds it? A Historical Understanding of Power In answering the question “Who Runs the World?” we must understand what positions within society hold the most power, and thus, the answer becomes clear. If we simply understand this as heads of state, the answer will be flawed and inaccurate. We must examine the globe as a whole, and the power structures of the global political economy. The greatest position of power within the global capitalist system lies in the authority of money-creation: the central banking system. The central banking system, originating in 1694 in England, consists of an international network of central banks that are privately owned by wealthy shareholders and are granted governmental authority to print and issue a nation’s currency, and set interest rates, collecting revenue and making profit through the interest charged. Central banks give loans to both governments and industries, controlling both simultaneously. The ultimate centre of power in the central banking system is at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), in Basle, Switzerland; which is the central bank to the world’s central banks, and is also a private bank owned by the world’s central banks. As Georgetown University history professor Carroll Quigley wrote: [T]he powers of financial capitalism had another far-reaching aim, nothing less than to create a world system of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the world as a whole. This system was to be controlled in a feudalist fashion by the central banks of the world acting in concert, by secret agreements arrived at in frequent private meetings and conferences. The apex of the system was to be the Bank for International Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the world’s central banks which were themselves private corporations.1 The central banks, and thus the central banking system as a whole, is a privately owned system in which the major shareholders are powerful international banking houses. These international banking houses emerged in tandem with the evolution of the central banking system. The central banking system first emerged in London, and expanded across Europe with time. With that expansion, the European banking houses also rose and expanded across the continent. The French Revolution resulted with Napoleon coming to power, who granted the French bankers a central bank of France, which they privately controlled.2 It was also out of the French Revolution that one of the major banking houses of the world emerged, the Rothschilds. Emerging out of a European Jewish ghetto, the Rothschilds quickly rose to the forefront in banking, and established banking houses in London, Paris, Frankfurt, Vienna and Naples, allowing them to profit off of all sides in the Napoleonic wars.3 As Carroll Quigley wrote in his monumental Tragedy and Hope, “The merchant bankers of London had already at hand in 1810-1850 the Stock Exchange, the Bank of England, and the London money market,” and that: In time they brought into their financial network the provincial banking centres, organised as commercial banks and savings banks, as well as insurance companies, to form all of these into a single financial system on an international scale which manipulated the quantity and flow of money so that they were able to influence, if not control, governments on one side and industries on the other.4 At the same time, in the United States, we saw the emergence of a powerful group of bankers and industrialists, such as the Morgans, Astors, Vanderbilts, Rockefellers, and Carnegies, and they created massive industrial monopolies and oligopolies throughout the 19th century.5 These banking interests were very close to and allied with the powerful European banking houses. The European, and particularly the British elites of the time, were beginning to organise their power in an effort to properly exert their influence internationally. At this time, European empires were engaging in the Scramble for Africa, in which nearly the entire continent of Africa, save Ethiopia, was colonised and carved up by European nations. One notable imperialist was Cecil Rhodes who made his fortune from diamond and gold mining in Africa with financial support from the Rothschilds,6 and “at that time [had] the biggest concentration of financial capital in the world.”7 Cecil Rhodes was also known for his radical views regarding America, particularly in that he would “talk with total seriousness of ‘the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British Empire’.”8 Rhodes saw himself not simply as a moneymaker, but primarily as an “empire builder.” As Carroll Quigley explained, in 1891 three British elites met with the intent to create a secret society. The three men were Cecil Rhodes, William T. Stead, a prominent journalist of the day, and Reginald Baliol Brett, a “friend and confidant of Queen Victoria, and later to be the most influential adviser of King Edward VII and King George V.” Within this secret society, “real power was to be exercised by the leader, and a ‘Junta of Three.’ The leader was to be Rhodes, and the Junta was to be Stead, Brett, and Alfred Milner.”9 The purpose of this secret society, which was later headed by Alfred Milner, was: “The extension of British rule throughout the world, the perfecting of a system of emigration from the United Kingdom and of colonisation by British subjects of all lands wherein the means of livelihood are attainable by energy, labour, and enterprise… [with] the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of a British Empire.” [Emphasis added]10 Essentially, it outlined a British-led cosmopolitical world order, one global system of governance under British hegemony. Among key players within this group were the Rothschilds and other banking interests.11 After the 1907 banking panic in the US, instigated by JP Morgan, pressure was placed upon the American political establishment to create a “stable” banking system. In 1910, a secret meeting of financiers was held on Jekyll Island, where they planned for the “creation of a National Reserve Association with fifteen major regions, controlled by a board of commercial bankers but empowered by the federal government to act like a central bank – creating money and lending reserves to private banks.”12 It was largely Paul M. Warburg, a Wall Street investment banker, who “had come up with a design for a single central bank [in 1910]. He called it the United Reserve Bank. From this and his later service on the first Federal Reserve Board, Warburg has, with some justice, been called the father of the System.”13President Woodrow Wilson followed the plan almost exactly as outlined by the Wall Street financiers, and added to it the creation of a Federal Reserve Board in Washington, which the President would appoint.14 Thus, true power in the world order was held by international banking houses, which privately owned the global central banking system, allowing them to control the credit of nations, and finance and control governments and industry. However, though the economic system was firmly in their control, allowing them to establish influence over finance, they needed to shape elite ideology accordingly. In effect, what was required was to socially construct a ruling class, internationally, which would serve their interests. To do this, these bankers set out to undertake a project of establishing think tanks to organise elites from politics, economics, academia, media, and the military into a generally cohesive and controllable ideology. Constructing a Ruling Class: Rise of the Think Tanks During World War I, a group of American scholars were tasked with briefing “Woodrow Wilson about options for the postwar world once the Kaiser and imperial Germany fell to defeat.” This group was called, “The Inquiry.” The group advised Wilson mostly through his trusted aide, Col. Edward M. House, who was Wilson’s “unofficial envoy to Europe during the period between the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and the intervention by the United States in 1917,” and was the prime driving force in the Wilson administration behind the establishment of the Federal Reserve System.15 “The Inquiry” laid the foundations for the creation of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), the most powerful think tank in the US and, “The scholars of the Inquiry helped draw the borders of post World War I central Europe.” On May 30, 1919, a group of scholars and diplomats from Britain and the US met at the Hotel Majestic, where they “proposed a permanent Anglo-American Institute of International Affairs, with one branch in London, the other in New York.” When the scholars returned from Paris, they were met with open arms by New York lawyers and financiers, and together they formed the Council on Foreign Relations in 1921. The “British diplomats returning from Paris had made great headway in founding their Royal Institute of International Affairs.” The Anglo-American Institute envisioned in Paris, with two branches and combined membership was not feasible, so both the British and American branches retained national membership, however, they would cooperate closely with one another.16 They were referred to, and still are, as “Sister Institutes.”17 The Milner Group, the secret society formed by Cecil Rhodes, “dominated the British delegation to the Peace Conference of 1919; it had a great deal to do with the formation and management of the League of Nations and of the system of mandates; it founded the Royal Institute of International Affairs in 1919 and still controls it.”18 There were other groups founded in many countries representing the same interests of the secret Milner Group, and they came to be known as the Round Table Groups, preeminent among them were the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), the Council on Foreign Relations in the United States, and parallel groups were set up in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and India.19 These were, in effect, the first international think tanks, which remain today, and are in their respective nations, among the top, if not the most prominent think tanks. In 2008, a major study was done by the University of Philadelphia’s International Relations Program – the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program – which sought to analyse and examine the most powerful and influential think tanks in the world. While it is a useful resource to understanding the influence of think tanks, there is a flaw in its analysis. It failed to take into account the international origins of the Round Table Group think tanks, particularly the Council on Foreign Relations in the United States; Chatham House or the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London; the Canadian Institute of International Affairs, now renamed the Canadian International Council; and their respective sister organisations in India, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. Further nations have since added to this group of related think tanks, including Germany, and a recently established European Council on Foreign Relations. The report, while putting focus on the international nature of think tanks, analysed these ones as separate institutions without being related or affiliated. This has, in effect, skewed the results of the study. However, it is still useful to examine. The top think tanks in the United States include the Council on Foreign Relations, (which was put at number 2, however, should be placed at the number 1 spot), the Brookings Institution, (which was inaccurately given the position of number one), the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, RAND Corporation, Heritage Foundation, Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and the American Enterprise Institute, among others. The top think tanks in the world, outside of the United States, are Chatham House (sitting at number one), the International Institute for Strategic Studies in the UK, the German Council on Foreign Relations, the French Institute of International Relations, the Adam Smith Institute in the UK, the Fraser Institute in Canada, the European Council on Foreign Relations, the International Crisis Group in Belgium, and the Canadian Institute of International Affairs.20 In 1954, the Bilderberg Group was founded in the Netherlands. Every year since then the group holds a secretive meeting, drawing roughly 130 of the political-financial-military-academic-media elites from North America and Western Europe as “an informal network of influential people who could consult each other privately and confidentially.”21 Regular participants include the CEOs or Chairmen of some of the largest corporations in the world, oil companies such as Royal Dutch Shell, British Petroleum, and Total SA, as well as various European monarchs, international bankers such as David Rockefeller, major politicians, presidents, prime ministers, and central bankers of the world.22 The Bilderberg Group acts as a “secretive global think-tank,” with an original intent “to link governments and economies in Europe and North America amid the Cold War.”23 In 1970, David Rockefeller became Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, while also being Chairman and CEO of Chase Manhattan. In 1970, an academic who joined the Council on Foreign Relations in 1965 wrote a book called Between Two Ages: America’s Role in the Technetronic Era. The author, Zbigniew Brzezinski, called for the formation of “A Community of the Developed Nations,” consisting of Western Europe, the United States and Japan. Brzezinski wrote about how “the traditional sovereignty of nation states is becoming increasingly unglued as transnational forces such as multinational corporations, banks, and international organisations play a larger and larger role in shaping global politics.” So, in 1972, David Rockefeller and Brzezinski “presented the idea of a trilateral grouping at the annual Bilderberg meeting.” In July of 1972, seventeen powerful people met at David Rockefeller’s estate in New York to plan for the creation of another grouping. Also at the meeting was Brzezinski, McGeorge Bundy, the President of the Ford Foundation, (brother of William Bundy, editor of Foreign Affairs) and Bayless Manning, President of the Council on Foreign Relations.24 In 1973, these people formed the Trilateral Commission, which acted as a sister organisation to Bilderberg, linking the elites of Western Europe, North America, and Japan into a transnational ruling class. These think tanks have effectively socially constructed an ideologically cohesive ruling class in each nation and fostered the expansion of international ideological alignment among national elites, allowing for the development of a transnational ruling class sharing a dominant ideology. These same interests, controlled by the international banking houses, had to socially construct society itself. To do this, they created a massive network of tax-exempt foundations and non-profit organisations, which shaped civil society according to their designs. Among the most prominent of these are the Carnegie Corporation, the Ford Foundation, and the Rockefeller Foundation. The “Foundations” of Civil Society These foundations shaped civil society by financing research projects and initiatives into major social projects, creating both a dominant world-view for the elite classes, as well as managing the other classes. These foundations, since their establishment, played a large part in the funding and organising of the eugenics movement, which helped facilitate this racist, elitist ideology to having enormous growth and influence, ultimately culminating in the Nazi Holocaust. From then, the word “eugenics” had to be dropped from the ideology and philanthropy of elites, and was replaced with new forms of eugenics policies and concepts. Among them, genetics, population control and environmentalism. These foundations also funded seemingly progressive and alternative media sources in an effort to control the opposition, and manage the resistance to their world order, essentially making it ineffective and misguided. The Rockefeller Foundation was established in 1912, and immediately began giving money to eugenics research organisations.25 Eugenics was a pseudo-scientific and social science movement that emerged in the late 19th century, and gained significant traction in the first half of the 20th century. One of the founding ideologues of eugenics, Sir Francis Galton, an anthropologist and cousin to Charles Darwin, wrote that eugenics “is the study of all agencies under social control which can improve or impair the racial quality of future generations.”26 Ultimately, it was about the “sound” breeding of people and maintaining “purity” and “superiority” of the blood. It was an inherently racist ideology, which saw all non-white racial categories of people as inherently and naturally inferior, and sought to ground these racist theories in “science.” The vast wealth and fortunes of the major industrialists and bankers in the United States flowed heavily into the eugenics organisations, promoting and expanding this racist and elitist ideology. Money from the Harriman railroad fortune, with millions given by the Rockefeller and Carnegie family fortunes were subsequently “devoted to sterilisation of several hundred thousands of American ‘defectives’ annually, as a matter of eugenics.”27 In the United States, 27 states passed eugenics based sterilisation laws of the “unfit,” which ultimately led to the sterilisation of over 60,000 people. Throughout the 1920s and 30s, the Carnegie and especially the Rockefeller Foundation, funded eugenics research in Germany, directly financing the Nazi scientists who perpetrated some of the greatest crimes of the Holocaust.28 Following the Holocaust, the word “eugenics” was highly discredited. Thus, these elites who wanted to continue with the implementation of their racist and elitist ideology desperately needed a new name for it. In 1939, the Eugenics Records Office became known as the Genetics Record Office.29 However, tens of thousands of Americans continued to be sterilised throughout the 40s, 50s and 60s, the majority of which were women.30 Edwin Black analysed how the pseudoscience of eugenics transformed into what we know as the science of genetics. In a 1943 edition of Eugenical News, an article titled “Eugenics After the War,” cited Charles Davenport, a major founder of eugenics, in his vision of “a new mankind of biological castes with master races in control and slave races serving them.”31 A 1946 article in Eugenical News stated that, “Population, genetics, [and] psychology, are the three sciences to which the eugenicist must look for the factual material on which to build an acceptable philosophy of eugenics and to develop and defend practical eugenics proposals.” As Black explained, “the incremental effort to transform eugenics into human genetics forged an entire worldwide infrastructure,” with the founding of the Institute for Human Genetics in Copenhagen in 1938, led by Tage Kemp, a Rockefeller Foundation eugenicist, and was financed with money from the Rockefeller Foundation.32 Today, much of civil society and major social projects are a product of these foundations, and align with various new forms of eugenics. The areas of population control and environmentalism are closely aligned and span a broad range of intellectual avenues. The major population control organisations emerged with funding from these various foundations, particularly the Rockefeller foundations and philanthropies. These organisations, such as the Rockefeller and Ford foundations, funded major civil society movements, such as the Civil Rights movement, in an effort to “create a wedge between social movement activists and their unpaid grassroots constituents, thereby facilitating professionalisation and institutionalisation within the movement,” ultimately facilitating a “narrowing and taming of the potential for broad dissent,” with an aim of limiting goals to “ameliorative rather than radical change.”33 Two major organisations in the development of the environmental movement were the Conservation Foundation and Resources for the Future, which were founded and funded with money from the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, and helped “launch an explicitly pro-corporate approach to resource conservation.”34 Even the World Wildlife Fund was founded in the early 1960s by the former president of the British Eugenics Society, and its first President was Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, a founding member of the Bilderberg Group. While the environmental movement positions people as the major problem for the earth, relating humanity to a cancer, population control becomes a significant factor in proposing environmental solutions. In May of 2009, a secret meeting of billionaire philanthropists took place in which they sought to coordinate how to “address” the world’s environmental, social, and industrial threats. Each billionaire at the meeting was given 15 minutes to discuss their “preferred” cause, and then they deliberated to create an “umbrella” cause to harness all their interests. The end result was that the umbrella cause for which the billionaires would aim to “give to” was population control, which “would be tackled as a potentially disastrous environmental, social and industrial threat.” Among those present at the meeting were David Rockefeller, Jr., George Soros, Warren Buffet, Michael Bloomberg, Ted Turner, Bill Gates, and even Oprah Winfrey.35 Conclusion At the top of the list of those who run the world, we have the major international banking houses, which control the global central banking system. From there, these dynastic banking families created an international network of think tanks, which socialised the ruling elites of each nation and the international community as a whole, into a cohesive transnational elite class. The foundations they established helped shape civil society both nationally and internationally, playing a major part in the funding – and thus coordinating and co-opting – of major social-political movements. An excellent example of one member of the top of the hierarchy of the global elite is David Rockefeller, patriarch of the Rockefeller family. Long serving as Chairman and CEO of Chase Manhattan bank, he revolutionised the notion of building a truly global bank. He was also Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, a founding member of Bilderberg and the Trilateral Commission, heavily involved in the family philanthropies, and sits atop a vast number of boards and foundations. Even Alan Greenspan, in a speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, said that David Rockefeller and the CFR have, “in many respects, formulated the foreign policy of this country.”36 In another speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, then World Bank President James Wolfesohn, said in 2005, in honour of David Rockefeller’s 90th birthday, that, “the person who had perhaps the greatest influence on my life professionally in this country, and I’m very happy to say personally there afterwards, is David Rockefeller.” He then said, “In fact, it’s fair to say that there has been no other single family influence greater than the Rockefeller’s in the whole issue of globalisation and in the whole issue of addressing the questions which, in some ways, are still before us today. And for that David, we’re deeply grateful to you and for your own contribution in carrying these forward in the way that you did.”37 David Rockefeller, himself, wrote, “For more than a century ideological extremists at either end of the political spectrum have seized upon well-publicised incidents such as my encounter with Castro to attack the Rockefeller family for the inordinate influence they claim we wield over American political and economic institutions. Some even believe we are part of a secret cabal working against the best interests of the United States, characterising my family and me as ‘internationalists’ and of conspiring with others around the world to build a more integrated global political and economic structure – one world, if you will. If that’s the charge, I stand guilty, and I am proud of it.”38 About the Author ANDREW G. MARSHALL is a Research Associate with the Centre for Research on Globalization based out of Montreal, Canada (www.globalresearch.ca). He has written extensively on issues imperialism in the Middle East and Africa, the environment, Homeland Security, war, terrorism and the global economy. He is currently studying Global Political Economy and the History of the Middle East and Africa at Simon Fraser University (Canada). Footnotes: 1. Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time, New York: Macmillan Company, 1966, 324 2. Carroll Quigley, op.cit., 515; Robert Elgie and Helen Thompson, ed., The Politics of Central Banks, New York: Routledge, 1998, 97-98 3. Sylvia Nasar, ‘Masters of the Universe’, The New York Times: January 23, 2000; ‘The Family That Bankrolled Europe’, BBC News: July 9, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/389053.stm 4. Carroll Quigley, op.cit., 51 5. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, Harper Perennial: New York, 2003, 323 6. Carroll Quigley, op.cit., 130 7. Niall Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power, New York: Basic Books, 2004, 186 8. Ibid, 190 9. Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment, GSG & Associates, 1981, 3 10. Ibid, 33 11. Ibid, 34 12. William Greider, Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987, 276 13. John Kenneth Galbraith, Money: Whence it Came, Where it Went, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975, 121-122 14. William Greider, op.cit., 277 15. H.W. Brands, ‘He Is My Independent Self’, The Washington Post: June 11, 2006:www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/08/AR2006060801104.html 16. CFR, ‘Continuing the Inquiry. History of CFR’: www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/inquiry.html 17. Chatham House, ‘CHATHAM HOUSE (The Royal Institute of International Affairs): Background’, Chatham House History: www.chathamhouse.org.uk/about/history/ 18. Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment, op.cit., 5 19. Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, op.cit., 132-133 20. James G. McGann, Ph.D., The Global “Go-To Think Tanks”: The Leading Public Policy Research Organizations In The World, The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program: University of Pennsylvania, International Relations Program, 2008, 26-28 21. CBC, ‘Informal forum or global conspiracy?’, CBC News Online: June 13, 2006:www.cbc.ca/news/background/bilderberg-group/ 22. Holly Sklar, ed., Trilateralism: The Trilateral Commission and Elite Planning for World Management, South End Press: 1980, 161-171 23. Glen McGregor, ‘Secretive power brokers meeting coming to Ottawa?’, Ottawa Citizen: May 24, 2006 24. Holly Sklar, ed., op.cit., 76-78 25. Edwin Black, War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race, New York: Thunders’s Mouth Press, 2004, 93 26. Ibid, 18 27. Ibid, 101-102 28. Edwin Black, ‘Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection’, The San Francisco Chronicle: November 9, 2003 29. Edwin Black, War Against the Weak, op.cit., 396 30. Ibid, 398 31. Ibid, 416 32. Ibid, 418 33. Michael Barker, The Liberal Foundations of Environmentalism: Revisiting the Rockefeller-Ford Connection, Capitalism Nature Socialism: 19, (2), June 2008, 18 34. Ibid, 19-20 35. John Harlow, ‘Billionaire club in bid to curb overpopulation’, Times Online: May 24, 2009 36. CFR, Remarks at the Council on Foreign Relations Annual Corporate Conference, Transcripts: March 10, 2005:www.cfr.org/publication/7908/remarks_at_the_council_on_foreign_relations_annual_corporate_conference.html 37. CFR, Council on Foreign Relations Special Symposium in honor of David Rockefeller’s 90th Birthday, Transcript: May 23, 2005:www.cfr.org/publication/8133/council_on_foreign_relations_special_symposium_in_honor_of_david_rockefellers_90th_birthday.html 38. David Rockefeller, Memoirs, New York: Random House: 2002, 405 The above article appeared in New Dawn No. 118 (Jan-Feb 2010). If you appreciated this article, please consider a digital subscription to New Dawn. © New Dawn Magazine and the respective author. © Copyright New Dawn Magazine, http://www.newdawnmagazine.com. Permission granted to freely distribute this article for non-commercial purposes if unedited and copied in full, including this notice. © Copyright New Dawn Magazine, http://www.newdawnmagazine.com. Permission to re-send, post and place on web sites for non-commercial purposes, and if shown only in its entirety with no changes or additions. This notice must accompany all re-posting. ~~ Help Waking Times to raise the vibration by sharing this article with the buttons below… https://www.wakingtimes.com/who-really-runs-the-world-conspiracies-hidden-agendas-the-plan-for-world-government/
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    Who Really Runs the World? Conspiracies, Hidden Agendas & the Plan for World Government
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  • Exploring the Wonders of Natures and Creatures: A Journey Through Wildlife and Wilderness

    https://naturesandcreatures.blogspot.com/2024/07/exploring-wonders-of-natures-and.html
    Exploring the Wonders of Natures and Creatures: A Journey Through Wildlife and Wilderness https://naturesandcreatures.blogspot.com/2024/07/exploring-wonders-of-natures-and.html
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    Exploring the Wonders of Natures and Creatures: A Journey Through Wildlife and Wilderness
    The natural world, as crafted by Allah, is a realm of profound beauty and intricate design. From the majestic mountains to the serene seas, ...
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  • BIG PHARMA mRNA Profits Fund WEF/WHO Global Tyranny
    Inside Pharma Report

    Truth For Health Foundation
    Big Pharma is swimming in windfall profits with the global governments paying Pfizer, Moderna J&J, and Astra Zeneca to produce the experiemental mRNA COVID injections…that in turn are causes new and aggressive diseases that Big Pharma provides more of their high profit drugs to treat symptoms by every body part…that in turn make us all sicker and more burdened with side effects and complications…which in turn include aggressive, novel, stage 4 deadly “Turbo Cancers” that do not respond to traditional treatments. VOILA! Big Pharma to the “rescue” yet again…set to make trillions in profits this time from mRNA-based gene therapy “vaccines” for the tsunami of turbo cancers expected to rise dramatically again in 2025. Johnson & Johnson announced plans to shell out $2 billion to acquire the drug developer "Ambrx Biopharma" to treat Turbo Cancers with same unproven technology as Pfizer is launching with its $43 billion Seagen acquisition. Both expect to once again bring in windfall profits to provide “treatments” for diseases their own experimental COVID injections caused in the first place. Canadian oncologist and researcher discussed these plans, and the dangers, in more detail here:

    Johnson & Johnson to acquire $2 billion drug developer "Ambrx Biopharma" to treat Turbo Cancers with same tech as Pfizer's $43 billion Seagen acquisition. Both set their sights on 2025 Cancer TSUNAMI

    Read more

    6 months ago · 129 likes · 32 comments · Dr. William Makis MD

    Today’s Inside Pharma Whistleblower Report experts discuss the dangers of the mRNA technology and the flagrant and illegals use of taxpayer funds in the UK to build these manufacturing facilities in the middle of small residential neighborhoods without any preliminary study of the human and wildlife health hazards and environmental risks of bringing in these biological materials without any regulatory oversight. The British government, Big Pharma, and WEF working together using taxpayer money and Big Pharma profits appear determined by any means possible to get mRNA and foreign DNA into human beings and all animals – domestic pets, food animals, and wildlife.

    Read more in this linked PDF from our Pharma expert on the deadly dangers of gene therapy products HERE

    For more information go to Truth for Health Foundation website www.TruthForHealth.org. Download our Vaccine Injury Treatment Guide, file a Citizens Vaccine Injury Report, check our medical and legal resources for help, sign up for newsletter alerts and join in the fight for medical freedom on all fronts.

    Our new Truth for Health Foundation store is OPEN FOR BUSINESS at www.TruthforHealthStore.com Don’t miss our exciting new products TruMitocondrial™ Boost and TruImmunoglobulin Plus™ to improve energy with improved cellular oxygenation, improve mitochondrial function, and boost the immune system, especially for those who may have had COVID or taken one or more COVID shots. All of our exclusive professional formulations of nutraceuticals, vitamins, minerals, and specialty formulations are manufactured in a certified Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) facility and are carefully vetted by Dr. Vliet to support overall health and resilience.

    Your generosity keeps us in the fight for Truth. We still have major battles to defend our freedom on all fronts, especially for our military who are needing legal defense support. Your contributions will greatly help us support more military families and launch the new year from a position of strength. https://secure.anedot.com/truth-for-health-foundation/donate

    Sign up at TruthforHealth.org and join our Crusade of the Voiceless…WE ARE SILENT NO MORE!

    HOST BACKGROUND AND WEBSITE RESOURCES:

    Hedley Rees, based in the United Kingdom. Mr. Rees has been providing consultancy on the development, manufacture and distribution of drugs that are fully compliant with the GMP requirements of 21 CFR Title 21, since 2005 through his company, PharmaFlow. Prior to that, he spent 16 years in senior roles in Big Pharma (Bayer) and 10 years in biotech (British Biotech, Vernalis and OSI Pharmaceuticals (now Astellas). Mr. Rees also authored Supply Chain Management in the Drug Industry: Delivering Patient Value for Pharmaceuticals and Biologics for Wiley, NJ in 2011. His expertise is in the area of anything to do with manufacture through the three phases of clinical trials (and preclinical if required) and ongoing distribution of the commercial supply. Where regulations have been breached, he has a duty to bring this to the attention of regulators, as has been happening with the frozen vials of COVID shots that were shipped only part way finished.

    Hedley joins Truth for Health Foundation Team:

    Hedley joins Truth for Health Foundation Team, courtesy Dr Mike Yeadon

    At the kind invitation of Dr Mike Yeadon Subscribers may remember, around a month ago Dr Mike invited myself and the indominable Sasha Latypova to join the Truth for Health Team. This is the original post on it: Hedley is collaborating with the Truth for Health Foundation on its Whistleblower Report…

    Read more

    2 years ago · 23 likes · 5 comments · Hedley Rees

    Follow Hedley Rees on his Substack column, INSIDE PHARMA, where he shares all he can to expose the lies and deceptions that are costing lives and jeopardizing public safety. Watch one of his many interviews here: https://rumble.com/v14gou4-drug-development-expert-sounds-alarm-over-rushed-to-market-covid-19-vaccine.html

    Read more on Facts about SARS-CoV-2 Injections (aka DNA vaccines) and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs):

    Facts about SARS-CoV-2 Injections (aka DNA vaccines) and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs)

    Basics on SARS-CoV-2 Injections (DNA vaccines) I thought it may be useful to list some important facts about the SARS-CoV-2 injections (DNA vaccines) as they relate to the EU/UK, beginning with the basics. Hopefully, this will increase your ability to research the immaturity & experimental nature of these products that have been thrust on the world…

    Read more

    2 years ago · 28 likes · 22 comments · Hedley Rees

    Watch Recent interview discussing the violations of manufacturing processes and regulations that are supposed to keep us safe: https://rumble.com/v1qe9nk-freeman-interviews-hedley.html

    https://substack.com/home/post/p-140840683

    https://donshafi911sars-cov-2.blogspot.com/2024/07/big-pharma-mrna-profits-fund-wefwho.html
    BIG PHARMA mRNA Profits Fund WEF/WHO Global Tyranny Inside Pharma Report Truth For Health Foundation Big Pharma is swimming in windfall profits with the global governments paying Pfizer, Moderna J&J, and Astra Zeneca to produce the experiemental mRNA COVID injections…that in turn are causes new and aggressive diseases that Big Pharma provides more of their high profit drugs to treat symptoms by every body part…that in turn make us all sicker and more burdened with side effects and complications…which in turn include aggressive, novel, stage 4 deadly “Turbo Cancers” that do not respond to traditional treatments. VOILA! Big Pharma to the “rescue” yet again…set to make trillions in profits this time from mRNA-based gene therapy “vaccines” for the tsunami of turbo cancers expected to rise dramatically again in 2025. Johnson & Johnson announced plans to shell out $2 billion to acquire the drug developer "Ambrx Biopharma" to treat Turbo Cancers with same unproven technology as Pfizer is launching with its $43 billion Seagen acquisition. Both expect to once again bring in windfall profits to provide “treatments” for diseases their own experimental COVID injections caused in the first place. Canadian oncologist and researcher discussed these plans, and the dangers, in more detail here: Johnson & Johnson to acquire $2 billion drug developer "Ambrx Biopharma" to treat Turbo Cancers with same tech as Pfizer's $43 billion Seagen acquisition. Both set their sights on 2025 Cancer TSUNAMI Read more 6 months ago · 129 likes · 32 comments · Dr. William Makis MD Today’s Inside Pharma Whistleblower Report experts discuss the dangers of the mRNA technology and the flagrant and illegals use of taxpayer funds in the UK to build these manufacturing facilities in the middle of small residential neighborhoods without any preliminary study of the human and wildlife health hazards and environmental risks of bringing in these biological materials without any regulatory oversight. The British government, Big Pharma, and WEF working together using taxpayer money and Big Pharma profits appear determined by any means possible to get mRNA and foreign DNA into human beings and all animals – domestic pets, food animals, and wildlife. Read more in this linked PDF from our Pharma expert on the deadly dangers of gene therapy products HERE For more information go to Truth for Health Foundation website www.TruthForHealth.org. Download our Vaccine Injury Treatment Guide, file a Citizens Vaccine Injury Report, check our medical and legal resources for help, sign up for newsletter alerts and join in the fight for medical freedom on all fronts. Our new Truth for Health Foundation store is OPEN FOR BUSINESS at www.TruthforHealthStore.com Don’t miss our exciting new products TruMitocondrial™ Boost and TruImmunoglobulin Plus™ to improve energy with improved cellular oxygenation, improve mitochondrial function, and boost the immune system, especially for those who may have had COVID or taken one or more COVID shots. All of our exclusive professional formulations of nutraceuticals, vitamins, minerals, and specialty formulations are manufactured in a certified Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) facility and are carefully vetted by Dr. Vliet to support overall health and resilience. Your generosity keeps us in the fight for Truth. We still have major battles to defend our freedom on all fronts, especially for our military who are needing legal defense support. Your contributions will greatly help us support more military families and launch the new year from a position of strength. https://secure.anedot.com/truth-for-health-foundation/donate Sign up at TruthforHealth.org and join our Crusade of the Voiceless…WE ARE SILENT NO MORE! HOST BACKGROUND AND WEBSITE RESOURCES: Hedley Rees, based in the United Kingdom. Mr. Rees has been providing consultancy on the development, manufacture and distribution of drugs that are fully compliant with the GMP requirements of 21 CFR Title 21, since 2005 through his company, PharmaFlow. Prior to that, he spent 16 years in senior roles in Big Pharma (Bayer) and 10 years in biotech (British Biotech, Vernalis and OSI Pharmaceuticals (now Astellas). Mr. Rees also authored Supply Chain Management in the Drug Industry: Delivering Patient Value for Pharmaceuticals and Biologics for Wiley, NJ in 2011. His expertise is in the area of anything to do with manufacture through the three phases of clinical trials (and preclinical if required) and ongoing distribution of the commercial supply. Where regulations have been breached, he has a duty to bring this to the attention of regulators, as has been happening with the frozen vials of COVID shots that were shipped only part way finished. Hedley joins Truth for Health Foundation Team: Hedley joins Truth for Health Foundation Team, courtesy Dr Mike Yeadon At the kind invitation of Dr Mike Yeadon Subscribers may remember, around a month ago Dr Mike invited myself and the indominable Sasha Latypova to join the Truth for Health Team. This is the original post on it: Hedley is collaborating with the Truth for Health Foundation on its Whistleblower Report… Read more 2 years ago · 23 likes · 5 comments · Hedley Rees Follow Hedley Rees on his Substack column, INSIDE PHARMA, where he shares all he can to expose the lies and deceptions that are costing lives and jeopardizing public safety. Watch one of his many interviews here: https://rumble.com/v14gou4-drug-development-expert-sounds-alarm-over-rushed-to-market-covid-19-vaccine.html Read more on Facts about SARS-CoV-2 Injections (aka DNA vaccines) and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs): Facts about SARS-CoV-2 Injections (aka DNA vaccines) and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) Basics on SARS-CoV-2 Injections (DNA vaccines) I thought it may be useful to list some important facts about the SARS-CoV-2 injections (DNA vaccines) as they relate to the EU/UK, beginning with the basics. Hopefully, this will increase your ability to research the immaturity & experimental nature of these products that have been thrust on the world… Read more 2 years ago · 28 likes · 22 comments · Hedley Rees Watch Recent interview discussing the violations of manufacturing processes and regulations that are supposed to keep us safe: https://rumble.com/v1qe9nk-freeman-interviews-hedley.html https://substack.com/home/post/p-140840683 https://donshafi911sars-cov-2.blogspot.com/2024/07/big-pharma-mrna-profits-fund-wefwho.html
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  • Seeking thrills: Jhalana Leopard Safari in Jaipur
    Planning a wildlife adventure! Looking to #explore #Jhalana #Leopard Conservancy near #Jaipur.

    Does anyone recommend a tour operator for:

    Leopard spotting safaris: Maximize chances of seeing these majestic cats!
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    Share your Jhalana safari recommendations below!

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    Seeking thrills: Jhalana Leopard Safari in Jaipur Planning a wildlife adventure! Looking to #explore #Jhalana #Leopard Conservancy near #Jaipur. Does anyone recommend a tour operator for: Leopard spotting safaris: Maximize chances of seeing these majestic cats! Knowledgeable guides: To share Jhalana's #ecosystem and conservation efforts. Responsible tourism: Supporting ethical wildlife experiences. Share your Jhalana safari recommendations below! #JhalanaSafari #JaipurWildlife #LeopardSpotting #TravelIndia
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    Jhalana Leopard Safari Park, Safari Ticket Book Online
    Explore the wilderness of Jhalana Leopard Safari Park in Jaipur! Book safari tickets online with us for adventure with nature.
    0 Comments 0 Shares 4361 Views
  • Experience the Golden Triangle in Unmatched Luxury with Taj Group of Hotels!

    Are you ready for an extraordinary journey through India’s Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur? Elevate your travel experience by staying at the luxurious Taj Hotels. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we offer the perfect blend of opulence and heritage for your holiday from the USA!

    🗓 Best Time to Visit:
    Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India’s rich heritage.

    Visa Requirements:
    Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient!

    Flights:
    Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines.

    Exquisite Accommodation:
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    Delhi: Stay at The Taj Mahal Hotel, a symbol of luxury and elegance, offering spectacular views and located close to the city's major landmarks.
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    Jaipur: Relax at the Rambagh Palace, a former royal residence that epitomizes grandeur and opulence, with beautifully manicured gardens and exquisite interiors.
    Must-See Attractions:

    Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate
    Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort
    Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace
    Luxurious Transportation:
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    Local Expertise:
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    Extend Your Adventure:
    Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless!

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    🌟 Experience the Golden Triangle in Unmatched Luxury with Taj Group of Hotels! 🌟 Are you ready for an extraordinary journey through India’s Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur? Elevate your travel experience by staying at the luxurious Taj Hotels. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we offer the perfect blend of opulence and heritage for your holiday from the USA! 🗓 Best Time to Visit: Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India’s rich heritage. 📋 Visa Requirements: Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient! ✈️ Flights: Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines. 🏨 Exquisite Accommodation: Indulge in luxury at the finest Taj properties: Delhi: Stay at The Taj Mahal Hotel, a symbol of luxury and elegance, offering spectacular views and located close to the city's major landmarks. Agra: Experience the opulence of The Taj Hotel & Convention Centre, located near the Taj Mahal and offering unparalleled views of the iconic monument. Jaipur: Relax at the Rambagh Palace, a former royal residence that epitomizes grandeur and opulence, with beautifully manicured gardens and exquisite interiors. 📍 Must-See Attractions: Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace 🚗 Luxurious Transportation: Travel in style with private luxury cars, enjoy the scenic beauty with exclusive train journeys, or opt for swift domestic flights to hop between cities. 🤝 Local Expertise: Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences. 🌍 Extend Your Adventure: Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless! Capture the essence of India’s rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let’s plan your luxurious Golden Triangle tour from the USA with the Taj Group of Hotels today! #GoldenTriangleIndia #TajHotels #TravelIndia #USAtoIndia #LuxuryTravel #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour 🌐 Contact us now to start planning your luxurious Indian adventure! 🌐
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    Golden Triangle Tour with Taj Group of Hotels, Book Luxury Delhi, Agra, Jaipur Tour Packages
    Experience luxury on a Golden Triangle Tour with Taj Group of Hotels. Book deluxe Delhi, Agra, Jaipur packages for an unforgettable journey.
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  • Experience the Golden Triangle in Unmatched Luxury with The Oberoi Group of Hotels!

    Are you ready for an extraordinary journey through India’s Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur? Elevate your travel experience by staying at the exquisite Oberoi Hotels. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we offer the perfect blend of opulence and heritage for your holiday from the USA!

    🗓 Best Time to Visit:
    Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India’s rich heritage.

    Visa Requirements:
    Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient!

    Flights:
    Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines.

    Exquisite Accommodation:
    Indulge in luxury at the finest Oberoi properties:

    Delhi: Stay at The Oberoi, New Delhi, known for its contemporary design, impeccable service, and stunning views of the Delhi Golf Course and Humayun’s Tomb.
    Agra: Experience the opulence of The Oberoi Amarvilas, located just 600 meters from the Taj Mahal, with every room offering a breathtaking view of this iconic monument.
    Jaipur: Relax at The Oberoi Rajvilas, a luxury resort set in a breathtaking 32-acre oasis of beautifully landscaped gardens, featuring traditional architecture and modern comforts.
    Must-See Attractions:

    Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate
    Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort
    Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace
    Luxurious Transportation:
    Travel in style with private luxury cars, enjoy the scenic beauty with exclusive train journeys, or opt for swift domestic flights to hop between cities.

    Local Expertise:
    Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences.

    Extend Your Adventure:
    Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless!

    Capture the essence of India’s rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let’s plan your luxurious Golden Triangle tour from the USA with The Oberoi Group of Hotels today!

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    🌟 Experience the Golden Triangle in Unmatched Luxury with The Oberoi Group of Hotels! 🌟 Are you ready for an extraordinary journey through India’s Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur? Elevate your travel experience by staying at the exquisite Oberoi Hotels. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we offer the perfect blend of opulence and heritage for your holiday from the USA! 🗓 Best Time to Visit: Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India’s rich heritage. 📋 Visa Requirements: Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient! ✈️ Flights: Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines. 🏨 Exquisite Accommodation: Indulge in luxury at the finest Oberoi properties: Delhi: Stay at The Oberoi, New Delhi, known for its contemporary design, impeccable service, and stunning views of the Delhi Golf Course and Humayun’s Tomb. Agra: Experience the opulence of The Oberoi Amarvilas, located just 600 meters from the Taj Mahal, with every room offering a breathtaking view of this iconic monument. Jaipur: Relax at The Oberoi Rajvilas, a luxury resort set in a breathtaking 32-acre oasis of beautifully landscaped gardens, featuring traditional architecture and modern comforts. 📍 Must-See Attractions: Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace 🚗 Luxurious Transportation: Travel in style with private luxury cars, enjoy the scenic beauty with exclusive train journeys, or opt for swift domestic flights to hop between cities. 🤝 Local Expertise: Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences. 🌍 Extend Your Adventure: Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless! Capture the essence of India’s rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let’s plan your luxurious Golden Triangle tour from the USA with The Oberoi Group of Hotels today! #GoldenTriangleIndia #OberoiHotels #TravelIndia #USAtoIndia #LuxuryTravel #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour 🌐 Contact us now to start planning your luxurious Indian adventure! 🌐
    WWW.FOURWHEELDRIVEINDIA.COM
    Golden Triangle Tour with The Oberoi Group of Hotels, Luxury Hotel Stay in Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur
    Indulge in opulence with Golden Triangle Tour featuring The Oberoi Group hotels. Luxury stays in Delhi, Agra & Jaipur await on this iconic journey.
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  • Experience the Golden Triangle in Unmatched Luxury with Leela and Taj Hotels!

    Ready for an extraordinary journey through India’s Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur? Elevate your travel experience by staying at the world-renowned Leela and Taj Hotels. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we offer the perfect blend of opulence and heritage for your holiday from the USA!

    🗓 Best Time to Visit:
    Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India’s rich heritage.

    Visa Requirements:
    Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient!

    Flights:
    Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines.

    Exquisite Accommodation:
    Indulge in luxury at the finest Leela and Taj properties:

    Delhi: Stay at The Leela Palace, a blend of traditional elegance and modern comfort, or The Taj Mahal Hotel, offering iconic hospitality in the heart of the city.
    Agra: Experience the opulence of The Oberoi Amarvilas with Taj Mahal views from every room, or stay at The Taj Hotel & Convention Centre, combining luxury with breathtaking views.
    Jaipur: Relax at The Leela Palace Jaipur, known for its regal architecture and world-class amenities, or The Rambagh Palace, a former royal residence offering a slice of history.
    Must-See Attractions:

    Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate
    Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort
    Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace
    Luxurious Transportation:
    Travel in style with private luxury cars, enjoy the scenic beauty with exclusive train journeys, or opt for swift domestic flights to hop between cities.

    Local Expertise:
    Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences.

    Extend Your Adventure:
    Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless!

    Capture the essence of India’s rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let’s plan your luxurious Golden Triangle tour from the USA with Leela and Taj Hotels today!

    #GoldenTriangleIndia #LeelaHotels #TajHotels #TravelIndia #USAtoIndia #LuxuryTravel #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour

    Contact us now to start planning your luxurious Indian adventure!
    🌟 Experience the Golden Triangle in Unmatched Luxury with Leela and Taj Hotels! 🌟 Ready for an extraordinary journey through India’s Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur? Elevate your travel experience by staying at the world-renowned Leela and Taj Hotels. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we offer the perfect blend of opulence and heritage for your holiday from the USA! 🗓 Best Time to Visit: Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India’s rich heritage. 📋 Visa Requirements: Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient! ✈️ Flights: Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines. 🏨 Exquisite Accommodation: Indulge in luxury at the finest Leela and Taj properties: Delhi: Stay at The Leela Palace, a blend of traditional elegance and modern comfort, or The Taj Mahal Hotel, offering iconic hospitality in the heart of the city. Agra: Experience the opulence of The Oberoi Amarvilas with Taj Mahal views from every room, or stay at The Taj Hotel & Convention Centre, combining luxury with breathtaking views. Jaipur: Relax at The Leela Palace Jaipur, known for its regal architecture and world-class amenities, or The Rambagh Palace, a former royal residence offering a slice of history. 📍 Must-See Attractions: Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace 🚗 Luxurious Transportation: Travel in style with private luxury cars, enjoy the scenic beauty with exclusive train journeys, or opt for swift domestic flights to hop between cities. 🤝 Local Expertise: Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences. 🌍 Extend Your Adventure: Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless! Capture the essence of India’s rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let’s plan your luxurious Golden Triangle tour from the USA with Leela and Taj Hotels today! #GoldenTriangleIndia #LeelaHotels #TajHotels #TravelIndia #USAtoIndia #LuxuryTravel #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour 🌐 Contact us now to start planning your luxurious Indian adventure! 🌐
    WWW.FOURWHEELDRIVEINDIA.COM
    Golden Triangle Tour with Leela and Taj Hotels, Luxury Hotel Stay in Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur
    Experience lavishness with Golden Triangle Tour featuring Leela and Taj Hotels. Luxe stays in Delhi, Agra & Jaipur await on this iconic journey.
    0 Comments 0 Shares 14919 Views
  • Embark on an Unforgettable Golden Triangle Tour from the USA!

    Are you ready for an extraordinary adventure? Experience the wonders of India's Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we're here to help you plan the perfect holiday from the USA!

    🗓 Best Time to Visit: Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India's rich heritage.

    Visa Requirements: Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient!

    Flights: Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines.

    Accommodation: Choose from luxurious hotels, charming guesthouses, and stunning heritage properties in each city. There's something to suit every budget and preference!

    Must-See Attractions:

    Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate
    Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort
    Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace
    Getting Around: Travel comfortably with private cars, enjoy scenic train journeys, or take domestic flights for quick city hops.

    Local Expertise: Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences.

    Extend Your Adventure: Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless!

    Capture the essence of India's rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let's plan your Golden Triangle tour from the USA today!

    #GoldenTriangleIndia #TravelIndia #USAtoIndia #HolidayPlanning #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour #usa #india

    Contact us now to start planning your Indian adventure!
    🌟 Embark on an Unforgettable Golden Triangle Tour from the USA! 🌟 Are you ready for an extraordinary adventure? Experience the wonders of India's Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. As a dedicated travel planner in India, we're here to help you plan the perfect holiday from the USA! 🗓 Best Time to Visit: Plan your trip between October and March for pleasant weather, ideal for exploring India's rich heritage. 📋 Visa Requirements: Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. The process is straightforward and convenient! ✈️ Flights: Fly directly from major US cities like New York, Los Angeles, or Chicago to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and hassle-free travel with top airlines. 🏨 Accommodation: Choose from luxurious hotels, charming guesthouses, and stunning heritage properties in each city. There's something to suit every budget and preference! 📍 Must-See Attractions: Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace 🚗 Getting Around: Travel comfortably with private cars, enjoy scenic train journeys, or take domestic flights for quick city hops. 🤝 Local Expertise: Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences. 🌍 Extend Your Adventure: Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless! Capture the essence of India's rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let's plan your Golden Triangle tour from the USA today! #GoldenTriangleIndia #TravelIndia #USAtoIndia #HolidayPlanning #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour #usa #india 🌐 Contact us now to start planning your Indian adventure! 🌐
    WWW.FOURWHEELDRIVEINDIA.COM
    Golden Triangle Tour from USA, Trip from Usa to India
    Explore the iconic Golden Triangle Tour from USA to India! Discover Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur's cultural treasures on this unforgettable journey.
    0 Comments 0 Shares 12153 Views
  • Embark on an Unforgettable Golden Triangle Tour from Australia!

    Dreaming of an extraordinary holiday? Experience the magic of India's Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. As a trusted travel planner in India, we've got everything you need to plan the perfect trip from Australia!

    🗓 Best Time to Visit: October to March offers pleasant weather, ideal for sightseeing and exploring the rich heritage of India.

    Visa Requirements: Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. Easy and hassle-free!

    Flights: Fly directly from Sydney, Melbourne, or Brisbane to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and convenient travel with leading airlines.

    Accommodation: Choose from luxury hotels, cozy guesthouses, and stunning heritage properties in each city. There's something for every budget and preference!

    Must-See Attractions:

    Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate
    Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort
    Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace
    Getting Around: Travel comfortably with private cars, experience scenic train journeys, or take domestic flights to quickly hop between cities.

    Local Expertise: Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences.

    Extend Your Adventure: Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless!

    Capture the essence of India's rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let's plan your Golden Triangle tour from Australia today!

    #GoldenTriangleIndia #TravelIndia #AustraliaToIndia #HolidayPlanning #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour

    Contact us now to start planning your Indian adventure!
    🌟 Embark on an Unforgettable Golden Triangle Tour from Australia! 🌟 Dreaming of an extraordinary holiday? Experience the magic of India's Golden Triangle—Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. As a trusted travel planner in India, we've got everything you need to plan the perfect trip from Australia! 🗓 Best Time to Visit: October to March offers pleasant weather, ideal for sightseeing and exploring the rich heritage of India. 📋 Visa Requirements: Secure your Indian tourist visa in advance through the Indian Visa Application Centre or online. Easy and hassle-free! ✈️ Flights: Fly directly from Sydney, Melbourne, or Brisbane to Delhi or Mumbai. Enjoy comfortable and convenient travel with leading airlines. 🏨 Accommodation: Choose from luxury hotels, cozy guesthouses, and stunning heritage properties in each city. There's something for every budget and preference! 📍 Must-See Attractions: Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate Agra: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort Jaipur: Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, City Palace 🚗 Getting Around: Travel comfortably with private cars, experience scenic train journeys, or take domestic flights to quickly hop between cities. 🤝 Local Expertise: Book with trusted local tour operators for personalized itineraries, insightful guides, and seamless travel arrangements. Discover hidden gems and enjoy authentic cultural experiences. 🌍 Extend Your Adventure: Add a side trip to Ranthambore National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the vibrant markets of Pushkar. The possibilities are endless! Capture the essence of India's rich history, indulge in local delicacies, and bring back unique souvenirs. Ready to make your dream holiday a reality? Let's plan your Golden Triangle tour from Australia today! #GoldenTriangleIndia #TravelIndia #AustraliaToIndia #HolidayPlanning #ExploreIndia #IncredibleIndia #TravelGoals #IndiaTour 🌐 Contact us now to start planning your Indian adventure! 🌐
    WWW.FOURWHEELDRIVEINDIA.COM
    Golden Triangle India Tour from Australia, Australia to India Holiday
    Discover the Golden Triangle India Tour from Australia! Experience the rich culture and history of Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur with a seamless holiday package from Australia to India.
    0 Comments 0 Shares 11756 Views
  • NORTH WESTERN WILDLIFE CORRIDOR BURN-A-THON (SHARE)
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/3SNqWzfMY3li/
    NORTH WESTERN WILDLIFE CORRIDOR BURN-A-THON (SHARE) https://www.bitchute.com/video/3SNqWzfMY3li/
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  • These goggles are perfect for outdoor enthusiasts who want to experience nature at night without disturbing wildlife or other people.

    Provide superior-quality sight in complete darkness, foggy weather, or low-light conditions
    Give you a clear view to help prevent accidents
    Help you navigate through unfamiliar terrain confidently and safely
    With their high-resolution displays, users can see even the smallest details in complete darkness.
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    These goggles are perfect for outdoor enthusiasts who want to experience nature at night without disturbing wildlife or other people. Provide superior-quality sight in complete darkness, foggy weather, or low-light conditions Give you a clear view to help prevent accidents Help you navigate through unfamiliar terrain confidently and safely With their high-resolution displays, users can see even the smallest details in complete darkness. https://shorturl.at/hwxz4
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    1 Comments 1 Shares 6318 Views
  • Jawai Resort: Unforgettable Wildlife Safaris in Rajasthan

    Escape to the heart of Rajasthan's wilderness at Jawai Resort, where luxury meets untamed beauty. Immerse yourself in the unique blend of nature and culture, surrounded by the majestic Aravalli Hills. Discover the tranquility of our boutique resort, offering a perfect blend of opulence and safari adventures. Experience the magic of Jawai with personalized hospitality, wildlife safaris, and luxurious accommodations. Your extraordinary retreat awaits at Jawai Resort – where nature meets luxury.

    https://www.kavishhotels.com/kavish-jawai-village-resort-jawai-perwa/

    Jawai Resort: Unforgettable Wildlife Safaris in Rajasthan Escape to the heart of Rajasthan's wilderness at Jawai Resort, where luxury meets untamed beauty. Immerse yourself in the unique blend of nature and culture, surrounded by the majestic Aravalli Hills. Discover the tranquility of our boutique resort, offering a perfect blend of opulence and safari adventures. Experience the magic of Jawai with personalized hospitality, wildlife safaris, and luxurious accommodations. Your extraordinary retreat awaits at Jawai Resort – where nature meets luxury. https://www.kavishhotels.com/kavish-jawai-village-resort-jawai-perwa/
    WWW.KAVISHHOTELS.COM
    Kavish Jawai Village Resort - Jawai Perwa | Best Resort in Jawai
    Kavish Jawai Village Resort - Jawai Perwa is a Luxury wildlife resort. Leopards sanctuary & offering Leopard Safari & Adventure Activities
    0 Comments 0 Shares 9676 Views
  • Despite growing American opposition to #fracking, and legal disputes related to it, it is still exempt from most federal regulation. Nevertheless, it will now be allowed in state parks and wildlife areas in Ohio.
    Despite growing American opposition to #fracking, and legal disputes related to it, it is still exempt from most federal regulation. Nevertheless, it will now be allowed in state parks and wildlife areas in Ohio.
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    State Commission Approves Fracking in Parks and Designated Wildlife Areas - Activist Post
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  • The Age of Megathreats
    Nouriel RoubiniNov 4, 2022
    op_roubini3_Getty Images_worlddisaster Getty Images
    NEW YORK – Severe megathreats are imperiling our future – not just our jobs, incomes, wealth, and the global economy, but also the relative peace, prosperity, and progress achieved over the past 75 years. Many of these threats were not even on our radar during the prosperous post-World War II era. I grew up in the Middle East and Europe from the late 1950s to the early 1980s, and I never worried about climate change potentially destroying the planet. Most of us had barely even heard of the problem, and greenhouse-gas emissions were still relatively low, compared to where they would soon be.

    Moreover, after the US-Soviet détente and US President Richard Nixon’s visit to China in the early 1970s, I never really worried about another war among great powers, let alone a nuclear one. The term “pandemic” didn’t register in my consciousness, either, because the last major one had been in 1918. And I didn’t fathom that artificial intelligence might someday destroy most jobs and render Homo sapiens obsolete, because those were the years of the long “AI winter.”

    Similarly, terms like “deglobalization” and “trade war” had no purchase during this period. Trade liberalization had been in full swing since the Great Depression, and it would soon lead to the hyper-globalization that began in the 1990s. Debt crises posed no threat, because private and public debt-to-GDP ratios were low in advanced economies and emerging markets, and growth was robust. No one had to worry about the massive build-up of implicit debt, in the form of unfunded liabilities from pay-as-you-go social security and health-care systems. The supply of young workers was rising, the share of the elderly was still low, and robust, mostly unrestricted immigration from the Global South to the North would continue to prop up the labor market in advanced economies.

    Against this backdrop, economic cycles were contained, and recessions were short and shallow, except for during the stagflationary decade of the 1970s; but even then, there were no debt crises in advanced economies, because debt ratios were low. The kind of financial cycles that lead to crises were contained not just in advanced economies but even in emerging markets, owing to the low leverage, low risk-taking, solid financial regulation, capital controls, and various forms of financial repression that prevailed during this period. The advanced economies were strong liberal democracies that were free of extreme partisan polarization. Populism and authoritarianism were confined to a benighted cohort of poorer countries.

    Goodbye to All That

    Fast-forward from this relatively “golden” period between 1945 and 1985 to late 2022, and you will immediately notice that we are awash in new, extreme megathreats that were not previously on anyone’s mind. The world has entered what I call a geopolitical depression, with (at least) four dangerous revisionist powers – China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea – challenging the economic, financial, security, and geopolitical order that the United States and its allies created after WWII.

    There is a sharply rising risk not only of war among great powers but of a nuclear conflict. In the coming year, Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine could escalate into an unconventional conflict that directly involves NATO. And Israel – and perhaps the US – may decide to launch strikes against Iran, which is on its way to building a nuclear bomb.


    Subscribe to PS Digital now to read all the latest insights from Nouriel Roubini.

    Digital subscribers enjoy access to every PS commentary, including those by Nouriel Roubini, plus our entire On Point suite of subscriber-exclusive content, including Longer Reads, Insider Interviews, Big Picture/Big Question, and Say More.

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    With Chinese President Xi Jinping further consolidating his authoritarian rule, and with the US tightening its trade restrictions against China, the new Sino-American cold war is getting colder by the day. Worse, it could all too easily turn hot over the status of Taiwan, which Xi is committed to reuniting with the mainland, and which US President Joe Biden is apparently committed to defending. Meanwhile, nuclear-armed North Korea has once again been seeking attention by firing rockets over Japan and South Korea.

    Cyberwarfare occurs daily between these revisionist powers and the West, and many other countries have adopted a non-aligned posture toward Western-led sanctions regimes. From our contingent vantage point in the middle of all these events, we don’t yet know if World War III has already begun in Ukraine. That determination will be left to future historians – if there are any.

    Even discounting the threat of nuclear Armageddon, the risk of an environmental Apocalypse is becoming increasingly serious, especially given that most of the talk about net-zero and ESG (environment, social, and governance) investing is just greenwashing – or greenwishing. The new greenflation is already in full swing, because it turns out that amassing the metals needed for the energy transition requires a lot of expensive energy.

    There is also a growing risk of new pandemics that would be worse than biblical plagues, owing to the link between environmental destruction and zoonotic diseases. Wildlife, carrying dangerous pathogens, are coming into closer and more frequent contact with humans and livestock. That is why we have experienced more frequent and virulent pandemics and epidemics (HIV, SARS, MERS, swine flu, bird flu, Zika, Ebola, COVID-19) since the early 1980s. All the evidence suggests that this problem will become even worse in the future. Indeed, owing to the melting of Siberian permafrost, we may soon be confronting dangerous viruses and bacteria that have been locked away for millennia.

    Moreover, geopolitical conflicts and national-security concerns are fueling trade, financial, and technology wars, and accelerating the deglobalization process. The return of protectionism and the Sino-American decoupling will leave the global economy, supply chains, and markets more balkanized and fragmented. The buzzwords “friend-shoring” and “secure and fair trade” have replaced “offshoring” and “free trade.”

    But on the domestic front, advances in AI, robotics, and automation will destroy more and more jobs, even if policymakers build higher protectionist walls in an effort to fight the last war. By both restricting immigration and demanding more domestic production, aging advanced economies will create a stronger incentive for companies to adopt labor-saving technologies. While routine jobs are obviously at risk, so, too, are any cognitive jobs that can be unbundled into discrete tasks, and even many creative jobs. AI language models like GPT-3 can already write better than most humans and will almost certainly displace many jobs and sources of income. In due course, some scientists believe that Homo sapiens will be rendered entirely obsolete by the rise of artificial general intelligence or machine super-intelligence – though this is a highly contentious subject of debate.

    Thus, over time, economic malaise will deepen, inequality will rise even further, and more white- and blue-collar workers will be left behind.

    Hard Choices, Hard Landings

    The macroeconomic situation is no better. For the first time since the 1970s, we are facing high inflation and the prospect of a recession – stagflation. The increased inflation in advanced economies wasn’t “transitory.” It is persistent, driven by a combination of bad policies – excessively loose monetary, fiscal, and credit policies that were kept in place for too long – and bad luck. No one could have anticipated how much the initial COVID-19 shock would curtail the supply of goods and labor and create bottlenecks in global supply chains. The same goes for Russia’s brutal invasion of Ukraine, which caused a sharp spike in energy, food, fertilizers, industrial metals, and other commodities. Meanwhile, China has continued its “zero-COVID” policy, which is creating additional supply bottlenecks.

    While both demand and supply factors were in the mix, it is now widely recognized that the supply factors have played an increasingly decisive role. This matters for the economic outlook, because supply-driven inflation is stagflationary and thus increases the risk that monetary-policy tightening will produce a hard landing (increased unemployment and potentially a recession).

    What will follow from the US Federal Reserve and other major central banks’ current tightening? Until recently, most central banks and most of Wall Street belonged to “Team Soft Landing.” But the consensus has rapidly shifted, with even Fed Chair Jerome Powell recognizing that a recession is possible, that a soft landing will be “very challenging,” and that everyone should prepare for some “pain” ahead. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s model shows a high probability of a hard landing, and the Bank of England has expressed similar views about the United Kingdom. Several prominent Wall Street institutions have also now made a recession their baseline scenario (the most likely outcome if all other variables are held constant).

    History, too, points to deeper problems ahead. For the past 60 years in the US, whenever inflation has been above 5% (it is above 8% today), and unemployment has been below 5% (it is now 3.5%), any attempt by the Fed to bring inflation down toward its 2% target has caused a recession. Thus, a hard landing is much more likely than a soft landing, both in the US and across most other advanced economies.

    Sticky Stagflation

    In addition to the short-term factors, negative supply shocks and demand factors in the medium term will cause inflation to persist. On the supply side, I count eleven negative supply shocks that will reduce potential growth and increase the costs of production. Among these is the backlash against hyper-globalization, which has been gaining momentum and creating opportunities for populist, nativist, and protectionist politicians, and growing public anger over stark income and wealth inequalities, which is leading to more policies to support workers and the “left behind.” However well-intentioned, such measures will contribute to a dangerous wage-price spiral.

    Other sources of persistent inflation include rising protectionism (from both the left and the right), which has restricted trade, impeded the movement of capital, and heightened political resistance to immigration, which in turn has put additional upward pressure on wages. National-security and strategic considerations have further restricted flows of technology, data, and talent, and new labor and environmental standards, as important as they may be, are hampering both trade and new construction.

    This balkanization of the global economy is deeply stagflationary, and it is coinciding with demographic aging, not just in developed countries but also in large emerging economies such as China. Because young people tend to produce and save more, whereas older people spend down their savings and require many more expensive services in health care and other sectors, this trend, too, will lead to higher prices and slower growth.

    Today’s geopolitical turmoil further complicates matters. The disruptions to trade and the spike in commodity prices following Russia’s invasion were not just a one-off phenomenon. The same threats to harvests and food shipments that arose in 2022 may well persist in 2023. Moreover, if China does finally end its zero-COVID policy and begin to restart its economy, a surge in demand for many commodities will add to the global inflationary pressures. There is also no end in sight for Sino-Western decoupling, which is accelerating across all dimensions of trade (goods, services, capital, labor, technology, data, and information). And, of course, Iran, North Korea, and other strategic rivals to the West could soon contribute in their own ways to the global havoc.

    Now that the US dollar has been fully weaponized for strategic and national-security purposes, its position as the main global reserve currency could eventually begin to decline, and a weaker dollar would of course add to inflationary pressures in the US. More broadly, a frictionless world trading system requires a frictionless financial system. But sweeping primary and secondary sanctions have thrown sand in what was once a well-oiled machine, massively increasing the transaction costs of trade.

    On top of it all, climate change, too, will create persistent stagflationary pressures. Droughts, heat waves, hurricanes, and other disasters are increasingly disrupting economic activity and threatening harvests (thus driving up food prices). At the same time, demands for decarbonization have led to underinvestment in fossil-fuel capacity before investment in renewables has reached the point where they can make up the difference. Today’s large energy-price spikes were inevitable.

    The increased likelihood of future pandemics also represents a persistent source of stagflation, especially considering how little has been done to prevent or prepare for the next one. The next contagious outbreak will lend further momentum to protectionist policies as countries rush to close borders and hoard critical supplies of food, medicines, and other essential goods.

    Finally, cyberwarfare remains an underappreciated threat to economic activity and even public safety. Firms and governments will either face more stagflationary disruptions to production, or they will have to spend a fortune on cybersecurity. Either way, costs will rise.

    The Worst of All Possible Economies

    When the recession comes, it will not be short and shallow but long and severe. Not only are we facing persistent short- and medium-term negative supply shocks, but we are also heading into the mother of all debt crises, owing to soaring private and public debt ratios over the last few decades. Low debt ratios spared us from that outcome in the 1970s. And though we certainly had debt crises following the 2008 crash – the result of excessive household, bank, and government debt – we also had deflation. It was a demand shock and a credit crunch that could be met with massive monetary, fiscal, and credit easing.

    Today, we are experiencing the worst elements of both the 1970s and 2008. Multiple, persistent negative supply shocks have coincided with debt ratios that are even higher than they were during the global financial crisis. These inflationary pressures are forcing central banks to tighten monetary policy even though we are heading into a recession. That makes the current situation fundamentally different from both the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 crisis. Everyone should be preparing for what may come to be remembered as the Great Stagflationary Debt Crisis.

    While central banks have been at pains to sound more hawkish, we should be skeptical of their professed willingness to fight inflation at any cost. Once they find themselves in a debt trap, they will have to blink. With debt ratios so high, fighting inflation will cause an economic and financial crash that will be deemed politically unacceptable. Major central banks will feel as though they have no choice but to backpedal, and inflation, the debasement of fiat currencies, boom-bust cycles, and financial crises will become even more severe and frequent.

    The inevitability of central banks wimping out was recently on display in the United Kingdom. Faced with the market reaction to the Truss government’s reckless fiscal stimulus, the BOE had to launch an emergency quantitative-easing (QE) program to buy up government bonds. That sad episode confirmed that in the UK, as in many other countries, monetary policy is increasingly subject to fiscal capture.

    Recall that a similar turnaround occurred in 2019, when the Fed, after previously signaling continued rate hikes and quantitative-tightening, stopped its QT program and started pursuing a mix of backdoor QE and policy-rate cuts at the first sign of mild financial pressures and a growth slowdown. Central banks will talk tough; but, in a world of excessive debt and risks of an economic and financial crash, there is good reason to doubt their willingness to do “whatever it takes” to return inflation to its target rate.

    With governments unable to reduce high debts and deficits by spending less or raising revenues, those that can borrow in their own currency will increasingly resort to the “inflation tax”: relying on unexpected price growth to wipe out long-term nominal liabilities at fixed interest rates.

    How will financial markets and prices of equities and bonds perform in the face of rising inflation and the return of stagflation? It is likely that, as in the stagflation of the 1970s, both components of any traditional asset portfolio will suffer, potentially incurring massive losses. Inflation is bad for bond portfolios, which will take losses as yields increase and prices fall, as well as for equities, whose valuations are hurt by rising interest rates.

    For the first time in decades, a 60/40 portfolio of equities and bonds suffered massive losses in 2022, because bond yields have surged while equities have gone into a bear market. By 1982, at the peak of the stagflation decade, the average S&P 500 firm’s price-to-earnings ratio was down to eight; today, it is closer to 20, which suggests that the bear market could end up being even more protracted and severe. Investors will need to find assets to hedge against inflation, political and geopolitical risks, and environmental damage: these include short-term government bonds and inflation-indexed bonds, gold and other precious metals, and real estate that is resilient to environmental damage.

    The Moment of Truth

    In any case, these megathreats will further contribute to rising income and wealth inequality, which has already been putting severe pressure on liberal democracies (as those left behind revolt against elites), and fueling the rise of radical and aggressive populist regimes. One can find right-wing manifestations of this trend in Russia, Turkey, Hungary, Italy, Sweden, the US (under Donald Trump), post-Brexit Britain, and many other countries; and left-wing manifestations in Argentina, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and now Brazil (which has just replaced a right-wing populist with a left-wing one).

    And, of course, Xi’s authoritarian stranglehold has given the lie to the old idea that Western engagement with a fast-growing China would ineluctably lead that country to open itself up even more to markets and, eventually, to democratic processes. Under Xi, China shows every sign of becoming more closed off, and more aggressive on geopolitical, security, and economic matters.

    How did it come to this? Part of the problem is that we have long had our heads stuck in the sand. Now, we need to make up for lost time. Without decisive action, we will be heading into a period that is less like the four decades after WWII than like the three decades between 1914 and 1945. That period gave us World War I; the Spanish flu pandemic; the 1929 Wall Street crash; the Great Depression; massive trade and currency wars; inflation, hyperinflation, and deflation; financial and debt crises, leading to massive meltdowns and defaults; and the rise of authoritarian militarist regimes in Italy, Germany, Japan, Spain, and elsewhere, culminating in WWII and the Holocaust.

    In this new world, the relative peace, prosperity, and rising global welfare that we have taken for granted will be gone; most of it already is. If we don’t stop the multi-track slow-motion train wreck that is threatening the global economy and our planet at large, we will be lucky to have only a repeat of the stagflationary 1970s. Far more likely is an echo of the 1930s and the 1940s, only now with all the massive disruptions from climate change added to the mix.

    Avoiding a dystopian scenario will not be easy. While there are potential solutions to each megathreat, most are costly in the short run and will deliver benefits only over the long run. Many also require technological innovations that are not yet available or in place, starting with those needed to halt or reverse climate change. Complicating matters further, today’s megathreats are interconnected, and therefore best addressed in a systematic and coherent fashion. Domestic leadership, in both the private and public sector, and international cooperation among great powers is necessary to prevent the coming Apocalypse.

    Yet there are many domestic and international obstacles standing in the way of policies that would allow for a less dystopian (though still contested and conflictual) future. Thus, while a less bleak scenario is obviously desirable, a clear-headed analysis indicates that dystopia is much more likely than a happier outcome. The years and decades ahead will be marked by a stagflationary debt crisis and related megathreats – war, pandemics, climate change, disruptive AI, and deglobalization – all of which will be bad for jobs, economies, markets, peace, and prosperity.
    The Age of Megathreats Nouriel RoubiniNov 4, 2022 op_roubini3_Getty Images_worlddisaster Getty Images NEW YORK – Severe megathreats are imperiling our future – not just our jobs, incomes, wealth, and the global economy, but also the relative peace, prosperity, and progress achieved over the past 75 years. Many of these threats were not even on our radar during the prosperous post-World War II era. I grew up in the Middle East and Europe from the late 1950s to the early 1980s, and I never worried about climate change potentially destroying the planet. Most of us had barely even heard of the problem, and greenhouse-gas emissions were still relatively low, compared to where they would soon be. Moreover, after the US-Soviet détente and US President Richard Nixon’s visit to China in the early 1970s, I never really worried about another war among great powers, let alone a nuclear one. The term “pandemic” didn’t register in my consciousness, either, because the last major one had been in 1918. And I didn’t fathom that artificial intelligence might someday destroy most jobs and render Homo sapiens obsolete, because those were the years of the long “AI winter.” Similarly, terms like “deglobalization” and “trade war” had no purchase during this period. Trade liberalization had been in full swing since the Great Depression, and it would soon lead to the hyper-globalization that began in the 1990s. Debt crises posed no threat, because private and public debt-to-GDP ratios were low in advanced economies and emerging markets, and growth was robust. No one had to worry about the massive build-up of implicit debt, in the form of unfunded liabilities from pay-as-you-go social security and health-care systems. The supply of young workers was rising, the share of the elderly was still low, and robust, mostly unrestricted immigration from the Global South to the North would continue to prop up the labor market in advanced economies. Against this backdrop, economic cycles were contained, and recessions were short and shallow, except for during the stagflationary decade of the 1970s; but even then, there were no debt crises in advanced economies, because debt ratios were low. The kind of financial cycles that lead to crises were contained not just in advanced economies but even in emerging markets, owing to the low leverage, low risk-taking, solid financial regulation, capital controls, and various forms of financial repression that prevailed during this period. The advanced economies were strong liberal democracies that were free of extreme partisan polarization. Populism and authoritarianism were confined to a benighted cohort of poorer countries. Goodbye to All That Fast-forward from this relatively “golden” period between 1945 and 1985 to late 2022, and you will immediately notice that we are awash in new, extreme megathreats that were not previously on anyone’s mind. The world has entered what I call a geopolitical depression, with (at least) four dangerous revisionist powers – China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea – challenging the economic, financial, security, and geopolitical order that the United States and its allies created after WWII. There is a sharply rising risk not only of war among great powers but of a nuclear conflict. In the coming year, Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine could escalate into an unconventional conflict that directly involves NATO. And Israel – and perhaps the US – may decide to launch strikes against Iran, which is on its way to building a nuclear bomb. Subscribe to PS Digital now to read all the latest insights from Nouriel Roubini. Digital subscribers enjoy access to every PS commentary, including those by Nouriel Roubini, plus our entire On Point suite of subscriber-exclusive content, including Longer Reads, Insider Interviews, Big Picture/Big Question, and Say More. For a limited time, save $15 with the code ROUBINI15. Subscribe Now With Chinese President Xi Jinping further consolidating his authoritarian rule, and with the US tightening its trade restrictions against China, the new Sino-American cold war is getting colder by the day. Worse, it could all too easily turn hot over the status of Taiwan, which Xi is committed to reuniting with the mainland, and which US President Joe Biden is apparently committed to defending. Meanwhile, nuclear-armed North Korea has once again been seeking attention by firing rockets over Japan and South Korea. Cyberwarfare occurs daily between these revisionist powers and the West, and many other countries have adopted a non-aligned posture toward Western-led sanctions regimes. From our contingent vantage point in the middle of all these events, we don’t yet know if World War III has already begun in Ukraine. That determination will be left to future historians – if there are any. Even discounting the threat of nuclear Armageddon, the risk of an environmental Apocalypse is becoming increasingly serious, especially given that most of the talk about net-zero and ESG (environment, social, and governance) investing is just greenwashing – or greenwishing. The new greenflation is already in full swing, because it turns out that amassing the metals needed for the energy transition requires a lot of expensive energy. There is also a growing risk of new pandemics that would be worse than biblical plagues, owing to the link between environmental destruction and zoonotic diseases. Wildlife, carrying dangerous pathogens, are coming into closer and more frequent contact with humans and livestock. That is why we have experienced more frequent and virulent pandemics and epidemics (HIV, SARS, MERS, swine flu, bird flu, Zika, Ebola, COVID-19) since the early 1980s. All the evidence suggests that this problem will become even worse in the future. Indeed, owing to the melting of Siberian permafrost, we may soon be confronting dangerous viruses and bacteria that have been locked away for millennia. Moreover, geopolitical conflicts and national-security concerns are fueling trade, financial, and technology wars, and accelerating the deglobalization process. The return of protectionism and the Sino-American decoupling will leave the global economy, supply chains, and markets more balkanized and fragmented. The buzzwords “friend-shoring” and “secure and fair trade” have replaced “offshoring” and “free trade.” But on the domestic front, advances in AI, robotics, and automation will destroy more and more jobs, even if policymakers build higher protectionist walls in an effort to fight the last war. By both restricting immigration and demanding more domestic production, aging advanced economies will create a stronger incentive for companies to adopt labor-saving technologies. While routine jobs are obviously at risk, so, too, are any cognitive jobs that can be unbundled into discrete tasks, and even many creative jobs. AI language models like GPT-3 can already write better than most humans and will almost certainly displace many jobs and sources of income. In due course, some scientists believe that Homo sapiens will be rendered entirely obsolete by the rise of artificial general intelligence or machine super-intelligence – though this is a highly contentious subject of debate. Thus, over time, economic malaise will deepen, inequality will rise even further, and more white- and blue-collar workers will be left behind. Hard Choices, Hard Landings The macroeconomic situation is no better. For the first time since the 1970s, we are facing high inflation and the prospect of a recession – stagflation. The increased inflation in advanced economies wasn’t “transitory.” It is persistent, driven by a combination of bad policies – excessively loose monetary, fiscal, and credit policies that were kept in place for too long – and bad luck. No one could have anticipated how much the initial COVID-19 shock would curtail the supply of goods and labor and create bottlenecks in global supply chains. The same goes for Russia’s brutal invasion of Ukraine, which caused a sharp spike in energy, food, fertilizers, industrial metals, and other commodities. Meanwhile, China has continued its “zero-COVID” policy, which is creating additional supply bottlenecks. While both demand and supply factors were in the mix, it is now widely recognized that the supply factors have played an increasingly decisive role. This matters for the economic outlook, because supply-driven inflation is stagflationary and thus increases the risk that monetary-policy tightening will produce a hard landing (increased unemployment and potentially a recession). What will follow from the US Federal Reserve and other major central banks’ current tightening? Until recently, most central banks and most of Wall Street belonged to “Team Soft Landing.” But the consensus has rapidly shifted, with even Fed Chair Jerome Powell recognizing that a recession is possible, that a soft landing will be “very challenging,” and that everyone should prepare for some “pain” ahead. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s model shows a high probability of a hard landing, and the Bank of England has expressed similar views about the United Kingdom. Several prominent Wall Street institutions have also now made a recession their baseline scenario (the most likely outcome if all other variables are held constant). History, too, points to deeper problems ahead. For the past 60 years in the US, whenever inflation has been above 5% (it is above 8% today), and unemployment has been below 5% (it is now 3.5%), any attempt by the Fed to bring inflation down toward its 2% target has caused a recession. Thus, a hard landing is much more likely than a soft landing, both in the US and across most other advanced economies. Sticky Stagflation In addition to the short-term factors, negative supply shocks and demand factors in the medium term will cause inflation to persist. On the supply side, I count eleven negative supply shocks that will reduce potential growth and increase the costs of production. Among these is the backlash against hyper-globalization, which has been gaining momentum and creating opportunities for populist, nativist, and protectionist politicians, and growing public anger over stark income and wealth inequalities, which is leading to more policies to support workers and the “left behind.” However well-intentioned, such measures will contribute to a dangerous wage-price spiral. Other sources of persistent inflation include rising protectionism (from both the left and the right), which has restricted trade, impeded the movement of capital, and heightened political resistance to immigration, which in turn has put additional upward pressure on wages. National-security and strategic considerations have further restricted flows of technology, data, and talent, and new labor and environmental standards, as important as they may be, are hampering both trade and new construction. This balkanization of the global economy is deeply stagflationary, and it is coinciding with demographic aging, not just in developed countries but also in large emerging economies such as China. Because young people tend to produce and save more, whereas older people spend down their savings and require many more expensive services in health care and other sectors, this trend, too, will lead to higher prices and slower growth. Today’s geopolitical turmoil further complicates matters. The disruptions to trade and the spike in commodity prices following Russia’s invasion were not just a one-off phenomenon. The same threats to harvests and food shipments that arose in 2022 may well persist in 2023. Moreover, if China does finally end its zero-COVID policy and begin to restart its economy, a surge in demand for many commodities will add to the global inflationary pressures. There is also no end in sight for Sino-Western decoupling, which is accelerating across all dimensions of trade (goods, services, capital, labor, technology, data, and information). And, of course, Iran, North Korea, and other strategic rivals to the West could soon contribute in their own ways to the global havoc. Now that the US dollar has been fully weaponized for strategic and national-security purposes, its position as the main global reserve currency could eventually begin to decline, and a weaker dollar would of course add to inflationary pressures in the US. More broadly, a frictionless world trading system requires a frictionless financial system. But sweeping primary and secondary sanctions have thrown sand in what was once a well-oiled machine, massively increasing the transaction costs of trade. On top of it all, climate change, too, will create persistent stagflationary pressures. Droughts, heat waves, hurricanes, and other disasters are increasingly disrupting economic activity and threatening harvests (thus driving up food prices). At the same time, demands for decarbonization have led to underinvestment in fossil-fuel capacity before investment in renewables has reached the point where they can make up the difference. Today’s large energy-price spikes were inevitable. The increased likelihood of future pandemics also represents a persistent source of stagflation, especially considering how little has been done to prevent or prepare for the next one. The next contagious outbreak will lend further momentum to protectionist policies as countries rush to close borders and hoard critical supplies of food, medicines, and other essential goods. Finally, cyberwarfare remains an underappreciated threat to economic activity and even public safety. Firms and governments will either face more stagflationary disruptions to production, or they will have to spend a fortune on cybersecurity. Either way, costs will rise. The Worst of All Possible Economies When the recession comes, it will not be short and shallow but long and severe. Not only are we facing persistent short- and medium-term negative supply shocks, but we are also heading into the mother of all debt crises, owing to soaring private and public debt ratios over the last few decades. Low debt ratios spared us from that outcome in the 1970s. And though we certainly had debt crises following the 2008 crash – the result of excessive household, bank, and government debt – we also had deflation. It was a demand shock and a credit crunch that could be met with massive monetary, fiscal, and credit easing. Today, we are experiencing the worst elements of both the 1970s and 2008. Multiple, persistent negative supply shocks have coincided with debt ratios that are even higher than they were during the global financial crisis. These inflationary pressures are forcing central banks to tighten monetary policy even though we are heading into a recession. That makes the current situation fundamentally different from both the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 crisis. Everyone should be preparing for what may come to be remembered as the Great Stagflationary Debt Crisis. While central banks have been at pains to sound more hawkish, we should be skeptical of their professed willingness to fight inflation at any cost. Once they find themselves in a debt trap, they will have to blink. With debt ratios so high, fighting inflation will cause an economic and financial crash that will be deemed politically unacceptable. Major central banks will feel as though they have no choice but to backpedal, and inflation, the debasement of fiat currencies, boom-bust cycles, and financial crises will become even more severe and frequent. The inevitability of central banks wimping out was recently on display in the United Kingdom. Faced with the market reaction to the Truss government’s reckless fiscal stimulus, the BOE had to launch an emergency quantitative-easing (QE) program to buy up government bonds. That sad episode confirmed that in the UK, as in many other countries, monetary policy is increasingly subject to fiscal capture. Recall that a similar turnaround occurred in 2019, when the Fed, after previously signaling continued rate hikes and quantitative-tightening, stopped its QT program and started pursuing a mix of backdoor QE and policy-rate cuts at the first sign of mild financial pressures and a growth slowdown. Central banks will talk tough; but, in a world of excessive debt and risks of an economic and financial crash, there is good reason to doubt their willingness to do “whatever it takes” to return inflation to its target rate. With governments unable to reduce high debts and deficits by spending less or raising revenues, those that can borrow in their own currency will increasingly resort to the “inflation tax”: relying on unexpected price growth to wipe out long-term nominal liabilities at fixed interest rates. How will financial markets and prices of equities and bonds perform in the face of rising inflation and the return of stagflation? It is likely that, as in the stagflation of the 1970s, both components of any traditional asset portfolio will suffer, potentially incurring massive losses. Inflation is bad for bond portfolios, which will take losses as yields increase and prices fall, as well as for equities, whose valuations are hurt by rising interest rates. For the first time in decades, a 60/40 portfolio of equities and bonds suffered massive losses in 2022, because bond yields have surged while equities have gone into a bear market. By 1982, at the peak of the stagflation decade, the average S&P 500 firm’s price-to-earnings ratio was down to eight; today, it is closer to 20, which suggests that the bear market could end up being even more protracted and severe. Investors will need to find assets to hedge against inflation, political and geopolitical risks, and environmental damage: these include short-term government bonds and inflation-indexed bonds, gold and other precious metals, and real estate that is resilient to environmental damage. The Moment of Truth In any case, these megathreats will further contribute to rising income and wealth inequality, which has already been putting severe pressure on liberal democracies (as those left behind revolt against elites), and fueling the rise of radical and aggressive populist regimes. One can find right-wing manifestations of this trend in Russia, Turkey, Hungary, Italy, Sweden, the US (under Donald Trump), post-Brexit Britain, and many other countries; and left-wing manifestations in Argentina, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and now Brazil (which has just replaced a right-wing populist with a left-wing one). And, of course, Xi’s authoritarian stranglehold has given the lie to the old idea that Western engagement with a fast-growing China would ineluctably lead that country to open itself up even more to markets and, eventually, to democratic processes. Under Xi, China shows every sign of becoming more closed off, and more aggressive on geopolitical, security, and economic matters. How did it come to this? Part of the problem is that we have long had our heads stuck in the sand. Now, we need to make up for lost time. Without decisive action, we will be heading into a period that is less like the four decades after WWII than like the three decades between 1914 and 1945. That period gave us World War I; the Spanish flu pandemic; the 1929 Wall Street crash; the Great Depression; massive trade and currency wars; inflation, hyperinflation, and deflation; financial and debt crises, leading to massive meltdowns and defaults; and the rise of authoritarian militarist regimes in Italy, Germany, Japan, Spain, and elsewhere, culminating in WWII and the Holocaust. In this new world, the relative peace, prosperity, and rising global welfare that we have taken for granted will be gone; most of it already is. If we don’t stop the multi-track slow-motion train wreck that is threatening the global economy and our planet at large, we will be lucky to have only a repeat of the stagflationary 1970s. Far more likely is an echo of the 1930s and the 1940s, only now with all the massive disruptions from climate change added to the mix. Avoiding a dystopian scenario will not be easy. While there are potential solutions to each megathreat, most are costly in the short run and will deliver benefits only over the long run. Many also require technological innovations that are not yet available or in place, starting with those needed to halt or reverse climate change. Complicating matters further, today’s megathreats are interconnected, and therefore best addressed in a systematic and coherent fashion. Domestic leadership, in both the private and public sector, and international cooperation among great powers is necessary to prevent the coming Apocalypse. Yet there are many domestic and international obstacles standing in the way of policies that would allow for a less dystopian (though still contested and conflictual) future. Thus, while a less bleak scenario is obviously desirable, a clear-headed analysis indicates that dystopia is much more likely than a happier outcome. The years and decades ahead will be marked by a stagflationary debt crisis and related megathreats – war, pandemics, climate change, disruptive AI, and deglobalization – all of which will be bad for jobs, economies, markets, peace, and prosperity.
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